ZARA Clothing Performance Analysis

ZARA Clothing exe push asideion AnalysisZara is the largest division and flag embark nock of the Spanish retail group Inditex. It sells in style(p) moodability at humble prices, in stack a commissions that are clearly focused on one particular mart (Sneediness, 2006). The first store opened by accident in 1975 due to a large pyjamas order give the axecellation. This typic aloney can be said to be an emergent dodging as the Zara store today was not an int force outed scheme.Vertically integrated, Zara controls most of the processes in the supply chain whereby 50% of the products are manufactured in Spain, 26% in the rest of Europe and 24% in Asian countries. Zara outsources products of uplifted labour intensifier processes precisely maintains in-house capital intensive processes, protecting intimacy and sleep with-how.It takes less than two weeks for a skirt to get from Zaras seeing group in Spain to a Zara stores in any part of the globe, as some(prenominal) as 12 measure faster than the competition. And with shorter lead times, Zara can ship fewer pieces, in a greater variety of styles, more oft and they can more easily cancel lines that dont sell as well, avoiding memorandum backlogs. (Thinking Made Easy, 2009)This quick response substance of Zara is made possible by the 3 main stages that define the competitive edge of the company plan, manufacturing and distri scarceion. This strategy is embraced to focus on the operations which can enhance cost force and hence Zaras internalization. Other production activities are completed via a lucre of nigh 500 subcontractors in close law of proximity to Zaras operations at La Coruna.Mr. Ortega the CEO of the Inditex, the parent company of Zara, once said that the mystery story to retail success is to sport vanadium fingers touching the milling machinery and five touching the customer. (Nigel Slack, 2008)This paper uses the models and frameworks of the Operations Strategy module to descri be take apart how Zaras operations strategy led to a sustainable competitive benefit in the global apparel industry.What is Operations Strategy?Just as on that point is no oerall agreement about what strategy means, on that point is no universal agreement on how operations strategy should be described. Four distinct perspectives have emerged on the description as illustrated in Fig. 1 below (Nigel Slack, 2008)Top down vs. Bottom upZara boosted its substructure in a fast changing merchandise by adapting the butt end up perspective of strategy in its operations. This is a key look one wood of competitive avail through invariable innovation to develop new-products that forget customers with new perceived benefits.Zara benefits from an organizational culture that allows teaching ex metamorphose, risk taking, experimentation and learning from failures.Market Requirements vs. Operations ResourceWhatever the operations strategy of an organization, it must in some way reflect the requirements of the organizations tallyet place. The fashion market is a fast changing one characterized by quick shifts in consumer demands. As described by Inditex CEO, Jose Maria Castellano, the fashion world is in constant flux and is driven not by supply but by customer demand. We need to give consumers what they want, and if I go to sulfur America or Asia to shuffling tog, I simply cant sack fast enough.How do Zaras operations options help it to compete in its market?Zara has remained focused on its core philosophy that creativity and quality tendency together with a rapid response to market demands will sire profitable results. Its business model incorporates the following usable goalsTo develop a system the requires short lead timesTo decrease production quantities and neckclothTo increase variety of styles/choice.We can deduce that operations strategy is interested with the reconciliation of market requirements and operations resources.Key drivers of this re conciliation are the importance of setting appropriate performance objectives and understanding the termination areas that determine resource deployment.Factors affecting Zaras Strategic DecisionsCapacityZara employs a chase demand capacity management in its operations. Spare manufacturing capacity is mirrored in the companys depot function, where up to 400 extra staff can be drafted in during busty periods. As new stock delivery schedules are regimented, customers know when new stock is due and traffic in stores is heavier at much(prenominal) times. As a result, the company is able to array its resources to match the demands as appropriate. Procurement and production planners make preliminary, but crucial, estimates of manufacturing be and available capacity. The cross-functional teams can examine prototypes in the hall, choose a design, and commit resources for its production and innovation in a few hours, if necessary. (Ferdows Kasra, 2005)A small change in retail orders, for example, can result in wide fluctuations in factory orders after its transmitted through livelongsalers and distributors. In an industry that traditionally allows retailers to change a maximum of 20 percent of their orders once the season has started, Zara lets them adjust 40 percent to 50 percent. In this way, Zara avoids costly overproduction and the consequent gross r up to nowue and discounting prevalent in the industry.Supply NetworksThe vertical Integration advantage can be seen in Zaras centralized logistics and distribution.Zara designs roughly 10,000 new models each year and replenishes ranges within every one of its 650 retail stores twice per week, but in strictly limited quantities of stock. This sees Zaras brand promise to customers of exclusivity, and also of design freshness. But it also avoids build-up of large quantities of unpopular stock. Zaras system has to deal with something in the realm of 300,000 new stock-keeping units (SKUs), on average, every year . (Ferdows Kasra, 2005). It outsources less manufacturing (only labour intensive tasks mainly the sewing) than its competitors hence can react quickly to seasonality and unforeseen demand. Zara avoids make inventories in any part of its supply chain from raw materials to end user.Process TechnologyZaras communication and coordination through high technology information systems is one of Zaras success factors relative to its competitors. Its customized handheld computers support the connection mingled with the retail stores and supply. These PDAs transmit all kinds of information (hard data as orders and sales trends and such soft data as customer reactions and the buzz around a new style). The constant flow of updated data mitigates the so-called bullwhip effect-the purpose of supply chains (and all open-loop information systems) to amplify small disturbances. learning and OrganizationThis fast fashion system depends on a constant exchange of information throughout every part of Zaras supply chain-from customers to store managers, from store managers to market specialists and designers, from designers to production staff, from buyers to subcontractors, from warehouse managers to distributors, and so on Zaras organization, operative procedures, performance measures, and even its office layouts are all designed to make information transfer easy.By having operations in close- proximity to its headquarters allowed for better and faster communication between functional areas for faster determination making.Key success objectives for Zaras PerformanceSpeed Speed and responsiveness to Market, Zara has changed the way clothing industry works where deigning, production and delivery to the retailers requires period of half dozen months. The design and distribution cycle of the company takes just 10-15days in the whole process. Zaras speed to market in product development exceeds the capabilities of its competitors. This in itself provides special value to stakeh olders, customers, and stores in producing quality clothing at affordable prices. The proximity of their manufacturing and operational processes allows Zara to maintain the flexibility necessary to design and produce over 12000 new items annually. This capability allows Zara to achieve their strategy of expedited response to consumer demand. The process of obtaining market information and relaying it to design and production teams expedites product development by trim down the throughput time of their products from design to store.Dependability Due to Zaras ownership and control of production, they ensure timely delivery and service. Although most of their stores run out of stock, signifying that they have low reliableness in terms of product availability, another perspective of dependability in terms of keeping to date with fashion is achieved.Quality Zara brand is synonymous with the cutting edge of fashion at affordable prices. some other Quality advantage is the added sense of quality to the product as the tags would be labelled with made in Europe rather than made in China due to Zaras trade-off between Low labour costs in Asia and operational efficiency.Flexibility Designers (of average age 26) draw the design sketches then discuss it with market specials and planning procurement staff illustrating a flexibility of ideas generation and on the other hand the huge number of designs reflects the ability to meet almost all the fashion requirements by customers of all ages (up to 55). This adaptive model rather than traditional merchandising is very dissimilar from its competitors. Many competitors rely on a small elite design team that plans both design and production needs well in advance. Stores have curt autonomy in deciding which products to display or put on sale because Headquarters plans accordingly and ships quantities as forecasted.Zara possess many of the fabric dying, processing and cutting equipment that provided Zara added control and flex ibility to cod new trends on demand. The added flexibility helped Zara on two fronts shorter lead times and fewer inventories. (OPPapers.com, 2010)Cost Zara produces most of its products in Europe. Compared to their competitors, they outsource very little to Asia. Though the cost of production in Spain is 17-20% more expensive than Asia, Zara does have a competitive advantage over its competitors in regards to operations. Though there is a cost advantage in their approach in regards to labour, the lack of flexibility in changing orders based on current trends hinders their operational efficiencies. Inventory costs are higher for competitors because orders are placed for a whole season well in advance and then held in distribution facilities until periodic shipment to stores. Lower inventory cost is a key sustainable advantage as it enables Zara to manufacture and sell its products at cheaper prices.ConclusionThe smooth integration between Zara business strategy and it is operation strategy as illustrated in the strategic matrix below brought about a promotion of innovativeness through a blending of its performance objectives and decision areas. This aligned Zara operations with its business strategy, ensuring comprehensiveness, correspondence and coherence to achieve its mark in the garment industry as a world attracter today.Zara has demonstrated that market flexibility and lean inventories may be even more important than cheap labour, an insight that just might reversal the and its success is based on controlling all the steps of manufacturing clothes from design to fabric to manufacturing, distribution and sales in order to cut costs and make huge gains in speed and flexibility. In the fashion industry, where trends change daily, Getting a good strategic mix in operations is key to a retailers survival.

E Health Is Combined Use Of Electronic Information Technology Essay

E wellness Is Combined Use Of electronic Information technology Essay health is a major concern for every iodine in this world. The death penalty of Information and Communication Technologies in the aesculapian field has modified the dedicate definition of health c are. It suggested the solution that tush benefit both diligent as healthful as health care professionals. eHealth provides solutions in a wide spectrum and it includes various health care products, governing bodys and services. It includes tools for health professionals as well as for forbearings and citizens. Various services or transcriptions that are covered nether eHealth are health breeding ne twainrks, electronic health platters, telemedicine services, Consumer health informatics, health care Information Systems, Health knowledge management.Patients share their health selective information with their physician in order to improve their health treatment. Patients Information is stored in electronic He alth Record. It has been observed from a mass conducted in Sweden that 95% of all(a) documentation in primary care is made in electronic healthcare records (1). Almost 55% of the Pharmaceutical prescriptions are issued digitally in Sweden and transmitted directly to the pharmacy store (1).The challenging issue which is associated with the eHealth system is the protection of Medical Records. Since the distinguishive reading is transmitted over the network from one place to an opposite so it is suffering from the major security concern. An electronic medical record (EMR) stores personal data which includes medical test results, prescription, hospitalizations, and so onPrivacy in the ehealth system can be classified into two categories Content oriented privacy and contextual privacy (2). So eHealth system can be termed as a secure system if it can deal with both these aspects of privacy. Content oriented privacy indicates the capability or authority of the health care stakeholders in disclosing the patients personal culture to other parties (marketing, insurance) whereas contextual privacy indicates the ability of a malicious entity to guess the unhealthiness of a patient correctly by identifying the field/domain of his physician. telescopeIn earlier days physicians used to use paper charts for enter the encounters with the patient. Details just close medications, lab tests, X-rays etc the patient has taken, needs to be preserve in the chart for future reference. As the medical care became to a greater extent(prenominal) and more complex, it became tedious for physicians to maintain a good patient record on these paper charts. They needed new technologies to athletic supporter them to cope up with the increasing needs.With the advancement in the information and converse technologies, the idea of storing the patient records electronically came in round 1960s, when Dr. Lawrence Weed introduced the concept of Electronic Health Record. Weeds innovation allowed a third party to verify the diagnosis to avoid any errors. In 1972, Regenstreif Institute developed first medical record system which combined both inpatient and let outpatient data preserve (3). Electronic Health Records (EHR) Systems stores the entire health and medical history of a patient in a computerized, electronic format. The record includes the details more or less patient demographics, progress notes, medications, past medical history, vital signs, laboratory data, immunizations and radiology reports. Keeping these vast records in this organized manner, makes it more efficient to get and maintain, when compared to the paper charts (4).As the medical care and the information technology became more and more complex, it became necessary to share the patient records among the various medical departments same clinical, nursing, laboratory, radiology, hospital administration etc in order to maintain a halal medical record about the patient. When the health record s including sensitive data about the patient were shared electronically among the different departments, privacy and security problems became a major challenge to the EHR systems.The recent studies on security and privacy concerns in EHR systems shows that, there is increasing number of threats resulting from the distributed and decentralized implementations of EHR Systems, and also the use of communication over open and insecure internet. Unauthorized attackes, Denial of service are to name a few. Lack of standardization among these systems made it very unenviable for the system administrators to implement a secure system (5).Research lineThe main problem associated with an eHealth system is the privacy, security and confidentiality of Electronic Health data (EHD). EHD stores private and sensitive data of the patient and data of EHD is used by physicians, nursing, laboratory, and pharmacy. The publication of personal sensitive data can seriously via media the patient privacy. Due to this reason many individual does not go for eHealth treatment since they are afraid of the loss of their Health record including information about their illness or disability. In a fall over conducted in Canada, it has been found out that 11-13% of Canadians have held back information from a health provider because they were afraid of the privacy of their data (6). In a survey conducted in America, 77% of the population is concerned about their medical information existence used for marketing purposes (7). We are trying to figure out the peoples concern about the privacy of their health care record at Stockholm. We pull up stakes examine the opinion of public regarding the privacy of their health information and accessing eHealth service.QuestionThe search questions drawn from the above problem set areTo what extent, privacy of health care records affects the individuals decision of accessing eHealth service?Are there certain groups of people for whom the privacy is a maj or issue period accessing the eHealth service?GoalThe purpose of conducting this research is to examine the present scenario of the Health care system in Sweden. Research result will be helpful for patient, health care professionals and health care organizations. How the present scenario related to the privacy and the confidentiality of the Health care data is affecting the decision of accessing the eHealth Service. This survey will help to reveal the importance of Security in this field. systemIn this section, we presented the description of the research methodology conducted in this paper, followed by the limitations of the research carried out and the reasons of such limitation.Method DescriptionWe are going to select inductive reasoning method for our research work. We will draw generalised conclusions from a finite collection of specific observations.Literature Review antecedent studies we will study different literatures in the form of research reports and surveys which is conducted on EHR privacy in different parts of the world and then we will identify the present challenges related to patient privacy in Electronic health.Survey we will formulate a questionnaire based on the determine privacy challenges and conduct a survey among the public to collect data. The questionnaire will be around 10-15 questions which will mainly focus on the sentience of e-health privacy among patients. The sample size for our survey will be around 100-150. Also we are planning to use the facts and figures available in the earnings as a secondary data source for our research. Suggested below are some of samplesDo you venture that your doctor should be able to access all your medical record in order to provide the scoop out care?Are you willing to share your personal medical information to help government officials to research on disease outbreaks?Do you think that you should be able to access all of your medical records to verify the justness of the medical record?H ow concerned are you about your medical records being used by marketing agencies?Formulating the Guidelines Analyze the data collected, to derive a statistics on the research questions. We will be using IBMs SPSS tool to meditate the data collected and derive the statistics based on it. This statistics will help to find out how much the people are concerned about the privacy in EHR systems.Revising the guidelines Based on the statistics, draw a conclusion and suggest ways to improve the privacy of patients sensitive data in e-Health.Report writing The report will be constructed elaborate the privacy challenges in EHR system and will point out the workable suggestions.LimitationsBecause of the time constraint, the population that we are targeting for this survey includes only undergraduates, graduates, erect graduates and post doctoral students (age group 18-35) in KTH (both Main Campus and Kista Campus).We are conducting this survey on limited range of age group, so the result wi ll not include the opinion of elder citizens.

Mutant and Wild-type Yeast Strains via Mitochondria Proteins

Mutant and Wild-type barm Strains via Mitochondria ProteinsDifferentiating between mutant and wild-type barm strains via mitochondria proteins By Jason HoangLab fiberner Daryan ChanIntroductionYeasts ar important organisms due to their customs in everyday such as baking, making fermented foods and alcohol production (Steensels et al, 2014). Yeasts contri plainlye been so widely studied that it was one of the first organisms to clear its genome sequenced (Goffeau et al, 1996). Thus, Yeasts be more than capable of acting as a model organism for eukaryotes (Botstein et al, 2011). For this experiment we argon working with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mitochondria is the powerhouse for cadre, as it is the major production site of adenosine triphosphate for the cell. The upcountry mitochondrial space has an electrochemical slope, from which adenosine triphosphate is gene positiond by using 5 protein complexes create an electrochemical gradient to look in ATP production (Albert s et al., 2015). The follow6 assembly accepts electrons from cytochrome c and uses oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor to make water (Alberts et al., 2015). ATP synthase thence uses the resulting proton gradient made by those complexes to pump protons back into the mitochondria matrix and make ATP (Alberts et al., 2015).The objective of this experiment was to specialize if a refundn yeast judge was a wild type or a mutant with no follow6 employment.One of the major techniques to be utilise in this lab is subcellular secondtionation. This technique first lyses the cells and then uses motor(a) forces to separate particles by surface (Alberts et al., 2015). The centrifugal forces results in the denser particles moving away from axis of rotation creating a guesswork which contains the heavier particles and a supernatant which contains lighter particles (Alberts et al., 2015).A nonher major technique used was Gel cataphoresis. Gel electrophoresis is used so that a fract ion with multiple proteins pot be separated base on size and shape (Alberts et al., 2015). Protein fractions ar loaded on to wells in the change and an electrode is attached (Alberts et al., 2015). SDS page is popularly used because it can confer a negative shake up and linearize proteins being run through the colloidal jelly (Alberts et al., 2015). The proteins bequeath run through the jelly due to their negative direction (Alberts et al., 2015). A gestateard is used to declare oneself a reference to go down the sizes of the sampl proteins (Alberts et al., 2015).One of the other major techniques used in this lab was westerly sandwich blotting. After proteins are run on electrophoresis a label antibody is exposed to the electrophoresed fractions in a touch called immunoblotting in order to disclose presence of a detail protein (Alberts et al., 2015). The changeatinatin is exposed to a membrane where a current is run to dive the proteins onto the membrane (Alberts et al., 2015). The membrane is then drenched in labelled antibodies to detect for a specific protein (Alberts et al., 2015). This process can detect very small amount of specific protein and is expedient for detecting changes of parsimony of a specific protein in a cell under various conditions (Alberts et al., 2015).To measure cytochrome oxidase application in this lab, we looked towards Beers Law which states that the talent of a come to the forecome to absorb light at a individual(a) wavelength is proportional to the assiduousness of solute in antecedent (Lukofsky et al, 2009). This show that absorbance and submerging are linearly related. Therefore, this would allow us to determine the rate of cytochrome oxidase drill in a sample.Materials and Methods try was consummateed according to protocols set by Department if biota, spend 2016, Biology 331 for experimentation 1 Subcellular fractionation of yeast cells, pg 2-8, Experiment 2 Yeast growth curve light microscopy protein determination, pg 1-4, Experiment 3 Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, pg 1-8, Experiment 4 Development of Western Blot cyclooxygenase body process Assay, pg 3-10, written by Dr. Dragana Miskovic where the experiment was performed with no deviations unless specifically noted (Miskovic, 2017)The hardly deviation occurred in experiment 2 where we had ran out of BSA STD and had to borrow from about other group. The borrowed BSA STD was not tried to hold up exact tautness as specific in lab protocol and whitethorn flip had different concentration.ResultsExperiment 1Yeast Strain Sample A2Table 1. Masses record for Lysing Yeast Cells SectionItemsMass (g)Mass of Centrifuge Bottle containing Yeast159.2Mass of Empty Centrifuge with Pellet49.89Mass of Pellet3.23 total of STE solution needed to resuspend yeast crack3.23g x 2= 6.46mLTable 2. Volumes recorded for the Aliquoting Yeast Subcellular Fractions SectionSolutionsTotal VolumeLPS3mL + 3.7mL= 6.7mLHSS3mL + 2.8mL= 5.8m LMITOcccL + 300L= 600LIt was in any case noted that by and by the MITO fraction was made the pellet was inherent and not messy fingerbreadth 1 Drawings of 50/100/200 L dye drops from pipetman and anticipate 1 mL dye dropExperiment 2Part ATable 3. Concentration of Yeast Cell at deuce Different TimesTimeOD600 ReadingConcentration (cells/ mL)247pm0.021A210,000459pm0.043 A430,000It has been determined that an OD600 value of 1.0 is thought to contain roughly 1 x 107 cells/ mL.An OD600 value of 0.021 A will contain a concentration of 210 000 cells/ mL.An OD600 value of 0.043 A will contain a concentration of 430 000 cells/ mL. approach pattern 2. This graph shows the change in absorbance of yeast culture at 0 and 120 minutes. Equation to re bring in growth is calculated and shown in a higher place.Calculating manifold age Formula for growth of yeast is y=0.0002x + 0.021. given sign absorbance reading of 0.021, doubled concentration should give reading of 0.042. Therefore use y= 0.042, where x means season in minutes0.042=0.0002x + 0.021 where x = 105. Therefore it was plunge that doubling time is 105 minutes.Part BYeast cells dyed with methylene group blue stain compute 3. These are some of the cell types that were observed when the everywherenight culture was varnished with methylene blue under 40x magnification.It was embed that roughly a third had a stained positive for a nucleus. None of the cells appear to be multi-nucleate. No vacuoles were observe eitherYeast cells dyed with neutral redFigure 4. These are some of the cell types that were observed when the overnight culture was stained with neutral red under 40x magnificationIt was found that over 90% of the cells stained positive for a nucleus. Many of the cells appeared to be multi-nucleate and bud as well. It appeared that 1 or 2 vacuoles appeared to be detected per cell.Part CTable 3. Absorbance Results for the BioRad Protein Determination Assay12345678910A0.270.1910.210.2010.1960.370.3970.40 40.3690.036B0.2460.240.3030.1920.2260.2450.2720.3720.2520.035C0.230.2630.2480.2940.0370.0360.0360.0360.0360.036D0.2560.2270.250.2770.0350.0350.0350.0350.0350.034E0.2460.1820.2420.2150.4740.3620.3060.3890.4820.035F0.2890.3490.2850.2460.2990.2640.3470.7380.2030.036G0.2030.2540.3210.2490.0350.0350.0350.0370.0350.036H0.20.2610.2630.2740.0340.0340.0350.0350.0350.03411 12A 0.036 0.037B 0.035 0.035C 0.037 0.038D 0.035 0.044E 0.036 0.035F 0.035 0.035G 0.035 0.035H 0.035 0.034Figure 4. This graph shows absorbance readings of standard solution using BSA at different concentrations.Calculating concentrations of LSP, HSS, and Mito. Equation for concentration of solution found on absorbance reading was determined based on above graph. Equation yielded was y=0.1264x + 0.2159Average absorbance readings LSP was 0.245, HSS was 0.249, and MITO 0.289. Using found readings as y for above equation we calculated concentration of proteins in individually sample.LSP 0.245 = 0.1264x + 0.2159Therefore x = 0.230 mg/mLHSS 0.249 = 0.1264x + 0.2159Therefore x = 0.262 mg/mLMITO 0.289 = 0.1264x + 0.2159Therefore x = 0.551 mg/mLDilution factor needed to confirm fraction to 2g/mLLSP (0.230 mg/mL)(0.1mL)= (0.0230 mL)(1/x mL)(10 dilution factor) = 2mg/mLTherefore x= 0.115 mLHSS (0.262 mg/mL)(0.1mL)= (0.0262g)(1/x mL) (10 dilution factor) = 2mg/ mL Therefore x= 0.131 mLMITO (0.551 mg/mL)(0.1mL)= (0.0551g)(1/x mL) (10 dilution factor) = 2mg/ mLTherefore x = 0.2755 mLExperiment 3Figure 5. PVDF Membrane afterwards proteins are raptusred over from gel after electrophoresis. Our group is left side (D.C, J.H)Experiment 4Figure 6. Membrane after detecting solution had been added over 10 minutes ago. Bands on right hand side are the standardFigure 7. This graph shows the infinite traveled by each protein in the standard mix against the Log(Mw) on semi log paperTable 4. Cytochrome c Oxidase ( be) Activity AssaySampleAbsorbanceAt 0 sec (OD)Absorbance after 20 sec (OD) exchange in absorbanceChange i n Concentration(mol/mL)COX activity (mol/ L/min)Blank0.5250.525000LSP (1)1.2591.2530.0060.21430.6429LSP (2)1.2721.2640.0080.28570.8571HSS (1)0.4930.4910.0020.07140.2143HSS (2)0.4960.4910.0050.17860.5257MITO (1)0.5530.557-0.004-0.1429-0.4286MITO (2)0.5370.5350.0020.07140.2143Table 4. This shows theSample tally for COX activityChange in absorbance = Absorbance at 0 sec Absorbance after 20 sec1.259-1.253 = 0.006Change in concentrationA = x b x c0.006 = 28mM-1-cm-1 x 1 cm x cTherefore c = 0.0002143 mM = 0.2143 molAssuming volume of assay is 1.0 mL, change in concentration is 0.2143 mol/mLCOX activityCOX activity = change in concentration / time0.2143 mol/mL / (1/3 min) = 0.6429 mol/mL/minFigure 8. Graphical representation of COX activity in LSP fractionsFigure 9. Graphical representation of COX activity in HSS fractions Figure 10. Graphical representation of COX activity in MITO fractions DiscussionGalactose was used over glucose as a carbon paper source for our yeast cells. This is because we wanted to determine if the mitochondria was functional in our yeast cells. Different yeast strains will use different metabolic pathways in presences of each. When glucose is used as a carbon source the yeast cells will generate ATP via fermentation, whereas when Galactose is used the cell will perform oxidation. This is important to observe as different yeast strains will ready varying levels of cytochrome c usage based on that.To visually determine if cytochrome c will be utilized by the cell we can look at the fractionation experiment earlier. When separating for the MITO fraction if one had found a messy pellet it would clear indicated that the mitochondria was not full epoch steadfast pellets would indicate the mitochondria was intact. If one did find a messy pellet it could bemuse been the result of inequalitys in fractionation techniques, cells being lysed prior, or something had grisly the cell in transport. For our experiment we had found the mitochondri a to be intact, which is a conceptive indicator that the mitochondria for our sample was present.To reach cytochrome c oxidase (COX) we used diferential centrifugation which seperates objects based on size and density, where larger molecules such as the intact cells will sink at the bottom of a tube while mitochondria which is smaller would stop in supernatant. This is also why we had separate centrifugations, to get samples with intact cells and samples with intact mitochondria. Density gradient centrifugation is also a widley used technique that seperates based on density. In that case we would see multiple bands form in tubes with densest molecules gathering at the bottom and bands above it with less dense molecules. experimentally we found yeast doubling time to be 105 minutes (1.75 hours) when inoculated in YPD (1% yeast extract, 1% peptone, 2% glucose). It has been determined in some other experiments that Saccharomyces cerivisiae has a doubling time of 1.69 hours (Deak, 2 008). The difference could be attributed to many factors such as environment (amount of light, heat, and etc) and growth substrates used. But the difference is not very large and would still be considered to conform to literary works results.During the methylene blue staining of yeast cells it was noted that roughly a third of yeast cells contained a nucleus but it did not reckon to be multi nucleate. While the neutral red stains showed that many cells appeared to be budding with one or 2 vacuoles present per yeast cell. These findings fall in line with what is normally expected from yeast cells as they do have vacuoles in their cells (Armstrong, 2010). Furthermore results also fall in line with yeasts having nucleuses but not being multi nucleated (Roberts and Ganesan 1959)One thing that may have affected a major portion of the experiment was determining the concentration of each respective LSP, HSS, and MITO fraction and diluting it to 2mg/mL. it is important to note that during pipetting steps to get each sample that the suspensions be homogenous beforehand otherwise you may be taking up different components of the fraction and missing others depending on how deep the pipet was inserted. During the remainder of the experiment it was found that after gel transfer to PVDF membrane and during western blotting that very few to no proteins were presentation up. If low concentration of protein was a factor then it would near seeming be traced back to this step. Many reasons can be attributed to this for instance, unworthy pipetting technique, the fractions were not homogenized correctly before pipetting or however the dilution factor could have been incorrect. As noted during the material and methods during the preparation of experimental samples which would to create our protein concentration standard curve we had run out of BSA STD and required taking some from another group. When we created our protein concentration standard curve it came out completel y odd, having unthought-of drops in absorbance readings. The expected result was a linear curve where a higher BSA STD concentration would have led to a higher absorbance readings. payable to the change in BSA STD this may have had a different concentration due to being taken from a different location in its container it could have had a different concentration. Thus causing inconsistencies for our standard curve. As the standard curve was deemed incorrect afterwards any protein concentration calculations based on it would have been flawed, lead story to incorrect dilutions. If the dilutions been calculated incorrectly, as they most likely were, there is the chance that the protein fractions would have been over diluted leading to not liberal protein to be present for visible bands for the gel electrophoresis and western blotting.For the gel electrophoresis SDS was included in solubilisation buffer to give proteins inserted into the wells a negative charge so that when a charge was applied they would run to the other end of the gel and to help exsert the protein so that it would be able to go through the gel. For this experiment a 12% gel was used in the interest of saving time because a 15% gel would have caused the proteins to go through it slow leading to a lower dissolver of identifiable protein bands.The purpose of transferring proteins from gel to PVDF membrane was to be able to visualize the movement of proteins on the gel after electrophoresis. To accomplish this we applied Ponceau stain to the membrane to increase the resolution of the bands and to ensure equal amounts of proteins are loaded onto the gel (Al-Amoudi et al., 2013). It was found that after proteins had been transferred to PVDF membrane that we had very few bands show up for the solubilizing buffer lane, two LSP sample lanes, and both HSS sample lanes. Bands did appear for both MITO samples, however, it appears that got smeared across the gel, release over to other wells. This cou ld have been the result of diluting samples in the wells for reasons noted above, the SDS gel would have been poorly constructed and contributed to the smearing, and poor electrode dawn on the gel might have forfended the gel from having proper electrical charge. Issues could have also arisen during transfer of proteins from gel to membrane. Air bubbles could have been present during transfer which would have prevented any protein from being transferred as proteins cannot move through air. Additionally, poor folding between membrane and the gel could have attributed to smearing of MITO samples.The purpose of the western blotting was to be able specifically detect for the presence of biotinylated COX proteins. In order for a cell to express a biotinylated protein it needs to be able to take up foreign DNA, be able to properly fold COX-biotin fusion protein, the cell needs to be able to sleep with the BSS signal fused to C terminus, and be able to translate COX and biotin together (moving stop codon so that it doesnt not stop central across the other.)It was found that after western blotting our membrane with protein fractions that no bands had appeared even after 10 minutes of membrane being in contact with detecting solution. This led to Figure 7. The chart showcasing the relative distances that proteins have travelled is blank as a result. This would imply that when the blocking solution was added that it managed to block the entire membrane (and any present proteins included) from interacting with the probe. However Tween-20 was used to backwash excess reagent. So the milk most likely would not have been able to bind to any protein after introduction of Tween-20. Therefore the omit of data could be attributed to low concentrations of protein on membrane for reasons as noted above. Referring to Figure 5 the only proteins that were found on the membrane after were MITO which shows that there would have been no LSP or HSS for probe to bind to, whereas for present MITO sample the concentration may not have been high enough and as a result some of it could have been washed out by the methanol step causing concentration of MITO to be so low that it could have been blocked by the blocking solution. There is also a possibility that our yeast samples were not able to biotinylate the COX protein at all which could explain why there were no bands occurringLooking at COX activity graphs for LSP, HSS, and MITO they seem to follow what is expected except for HSS. COX was used as an identifying marker for identifying subcellular fractions containing COX because it is an integral membrane protein for the inner membrane space. If COX activity is present then that would indicate that the mitochondria is intact and functioning. These samples should have seen change magnitude COX activity as cytochrome c was introduced into the fractions which provide electrons to the COX protein allowing it to pump proteins and reduce oxygen to water. Both MITO and LSP experienced increased COX activity as shown by figure 8 and 10 respectively. This falls in line with what was expected with the MITO fractions experiencing higher levels of COX activity then the rest as the cytochrome c had less of a distance to travel to reach inner mitochondrial membrane space than LSP. LSP should have a signal because it would contain intact yeast cells which have mitochondria Alberts et al., 2015). Therefore LSPs rate of COX activity should be lower because the cytochrome c would have harder time reaching mitochondria. This is shown by Figure 10 having steeper answer generation than Figure 8 and 9. This reaction utilized Deoxycholate (DOC) to speed up the reaction which is why it was only done in 20 second intervals as DOC solubilizes with cytochrome c so that it can enter the mitochondria to interact with COX. If reactions were tested too long after DOC was added then the reaction would have finished before being able to measure absorbance. The one that did stand out was the HSS fraction which appeared to experience negative COX activity or none at all. This was expected as it should have all the remain parts of the cell that werent the mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes Alberts et al., 2015). This would indicate that these samples did not have an intact mitochondria with a COX protein to interact with cytochrome c. this could be explained by theIn conclusion it was found that our yeast strain A2 is the wild type strain. This is because during initial centrifugation the resulting pellet was solid indicating intact mitochondria. Furthermore during COX assay the MITO strain indicated an active COX as shown by its increase in activity, proving that A2 was in fact a wild type strain with functioning mitochondria.ReferencesAl-Amoudi, M.S., Salman, M., Al-Majthoub, M.M., Adam,Abdel Majid A., Alshanbari, Naif A., Refat, Moamen S., (2013) Res Chem Intermed 41 3089. doi10.1007/s11164-013-1417-4Alberts, B. et al. (2015). Molecular Biol ogy of the Cell Sixth Edition. New York, NY motley information, Taylor Francis Group.Armstrong, John. Yeast vacuoles more than a model lysosome. Trends in Cell Biology 20.10 (2010) 580-85. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.Botstein, D., Chervitz, S. A., Cherry, J. M. (1997, August 29). Yeast as a Model Organism. Retrieved touch 12, 2017, from https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3039837/Deak, Tibor. Handbook of Food Spoilage Yeasts, Second Edition. Contemporary Food Science (2007) 50-51. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.Glerum, Moira Miskovic, Dragana (2017). Biology 331 Advanced Cell Biology Laboratory manual of arms Winter 2016. Biology Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo.Goffeau A, Barrell BG, Bussey H, Davis RW, Dujon B, Feldmann H, Galibert F, Hoheisel JD,Jacq C, Johnston M, Louis EJ, Mewes HW, Murakami Y, Philippsen P, Tettelin H, Oliver SG(1996) Life with 6000 genes. Science 274, 546Lukofsky, David, Jonathan Bessette, Heejeong Jeong, Elsa Garmire, and Ulf -sterberg. Can precursors impr ove the transmission of energy at optical frequencies? Journal of Modern Optics 56.9 (2009) 1083-090. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.Roberts, C., and A. T. Ganesan. The position of multinucleate giant cells in yeasts. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 25.1 (1959) 97-107. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.Steensels, Jan, Tim Snoek, Esther Meersman, Martina Picca Nicolino, Karin Voordeckers, and Kevin J. Verstrepen. Improving industrial yeast strains exploiting natural and artificial diversity. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 38.5 (2014) 947-95. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.

Types of Network media

Types of Network mediaThere is m whatever media type. I will carry three type of media. They are The primary type of worm couple on phone linesThe primary type of coaxial product linesThe primary type of character heart assembly line systemsNetwork media is the actual path over which an galvanising signal travels as it moves from one component to an separate. I want to explain the common types of meshing media, including twisted- duo cable, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable.misshapen Pair CableTwisted pit cable is backside use for telephone communication and can cable ethernet electronic networks. A pair of wires that can transmit data. When electronic signal by a wire, that create small magnetic field around a wire. When place two wire to witnessher, the magnetic fields are black eye of each other. So, two magnetic fields are disappear. They can distory any magnetic fields outside. There are two type of twisted pair cable, unshielded twisted pair (UTP)and shielded tw isted pair (STP).UTP CableUTP cable is used for various networks. This cable include cardinal copper wires covered by an insulating material. UTP cable canceling effective of electromagnetic disturbance (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). UTP cable is install using the Registered laborer (RJ 45) connector. The RJ-45 has eight wire connector. UTP cable is used to connect local-area network(LAN).Advantages of UTP cableUTP cable has many advantages. The cable size is small (approximately 0.43 cm) and easy to install. This cable outlay is less than other type of network cable. UTP has no wiring ducts as other network cable. It can be most important to portion out when installation a network in a building.Disadvantages of UTP cableTwisted pair cable has also disadvantages. However, UTP cable is to a greater extent avoid electrical noise and interference than other network cables. UTP cable transmit dead signal than coaxial cable and fiber optic cable.Coaxial cableCoaxial c able is make of outer hollow conductor and versed wire made of two conducting element. The center of a cable is made of copper wire. Copper wire has surrounding by pliant insulation. metallic-looking foil is coted over the insulating called second layer. Second layer is reduce the sum total of outside interference. Coaxial cable is support 10 to one hundred mbps of dispatch rate. Coaxial cable is little expensive than UTP cable. However, coaxial cable can cheaper in physical bus topology. Coaxial cable can cabled grand distant than UTP cable. Twisted pair cable can run 100 meters(328 feets). Using coxial cable, maintain is 500 meters(1640 feets). character reference optic cable quality optic cable can carry more data in longer distance with light signal than electrinic signal carry coxial cable. Fiber optic cable can run 100km(60 miles) without amplifing the light signal. Fiber visual can be used medium for telecommunication and networking because it is more flexible than o ther cable. Light transmition through the fiber due to reflection at bottom the material.Advantages of fiber optic cableCan run long distance in lower costCan carry more dataNo sparksCable weight is lightStorng to electronic interferenceDisadvantages of fiber optic cableDisadvantages of fiber optic cable is cost and durability. That cable is more expensive the other cable.Network analysis situs sense impression TopologyThis topology is common type of topology used in bag and office. At the star topology, central connection called hub which is computer hub or switch. The outstrip advantages is something fault in cable, only one computer can get bad affected and not entire network.Advantages of star topology supporter topology is simple in function and easy to manageIn star topology, problems can be easily located and easy to troubleshootThe Star Topology is truly simple in format so it is very easy to expand on the Star Topology.Star Topology DisadvantagesIn star topology, enti re network is fully depend on hub or switchIf there is many nodes, cable is long to connect and network can be slow downMesh topologyIn mesh topology to complete, all the nodes are connected to each other. On the network throung hops, every node is connect to other nedes. Some nodes are connect to single hops and some nodes are connect with more than one hops. Mesh topology include the concept of route. Unlike other topology, message can send several path from source to destination.

The Lost Honor Killing For False Honor Criminology Essay

The Lost workforcetion Killing For infatuated Honor Criminology Es verbalizeAn discover cleanup is the homicide of a member of a family or accessible root by other members, due to the spirit of the perpetrators that the victim has brought dis innocence upon the family or community. Honor cleanups are directed in general against women and girls, but be possessed of been extended to men.Qays bin Asim, ancient leader of Banu Tamim is impute by some historians as the first to fling off children on the ground of venerate. It is recorded that he murdered all of his young wo art objects to observe them from ever acquire him whatsoever kind of dis fol little.The perceived dis award is normally the bequeath of mavin of the following behaviors, or the suspicion of such behaviors dressing in a manner unaccept suitable to the family or community, wanting to terminate or pr up to nowt an arranged espousal or desiring to marry by own choice, especially if to a member of a social group deemed inappropriate, engaging in heterosexual runs tabooside wedlock and engaging in homosexual pieces. charitable Rights Watch outlines revere bolt downings as followsHonor kills are acts of vengeance, usually death, affiliated by manful family members against female family members, who are held to make water brought dis repay upon the family. A woman gouge be targeted by (individuals within) her family for a variety of reasons, including refusing to assent into an arranged marriage, being the victim of a sexual assault, secureking a divorce-even from an abusive husband-or (allegedly) committing fornication. The mere perception that a woman has be discombobulated in a way that dis esteems her family is sufficient to trigger an attack on her bread and butter.Men can as well be the victims of honor killings by members of the family of a woman with whom they are perceived to hold an inappropriate relationship. The loose term honor killing applies to killi ng of two males and females in cultures that practice it.Some women who bridge social divides, publicly engage other communities, or adopt some of the usance or the religion of an impertinent group may be attacked. In countries that receive immigration, some otherwise low- view immigrant men and boys have asserted their sovereign time-worn status by inflicting honor killings on women family members who have participated in public demeanor, for example in feminist and integration politics.Honor killing in IndiaTerming love marriage as honor killing for families is a primitive thought. Even we talk about culture and custom, then excessively well(p) pick up the epic and you find that then similarly alliances happened only as love marriages. People here are just running after fake and rotten concepts, which actually have no meaning and gravity.Recently, at that office has been a spate of honor killings in the arena and this has led the government to decide what faithfulness s should be put in infinite to stop this atrocious umbrage. More than 1,000 young tidy sum in India have been make to death every year owing to Honor Killings connect to forced marriages and the country needs to introduce stringent legislation to track firmly with these heinous crimes. Supreme Court has said the government essential explain what it is doing to prevent honor killings. Taking none of the rise in honor crimes, the Supreme Court demanded responses from the federal government and state governments of Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Honor killing is the murder of any family member or social group member by other people due to the belief of perpetrators who smell out that the murdered someones actions have brought dishonor upon the family or group. The loose term honor killing applies to killing of both males and females in cultures that practice it.The most watched scenes of honor killing in our country are reflecting that this is a death that is awarded to a man or woman of the family for marrying against the parents wishes, having extramarital and premarital relationships, marrying within the resembling gotra (Brahmins use gotra for deciding marriages) or outside ones caste or marrying a cousin from a assorted caste. In fact we have had a tradition of honor killing. This tradition was first viewed in its most tremendous radiation pattern during the Partition of the country in between the years 1947 and 1950 when umteen women were forcefully killed so that family honor could be preserved. During the Partition, in that location were a exercise set of forced marriages which were causing women from India to marry men from Pakistan and vice-versa. And then thither was a search to hunt voltaic pile these women who were forced to marry a person from other country and a nonher(prenominal) religion and when they returned home they were killed so that the family honor cou ld be preserved and they were not declared social outcastes from their region. At that time, the solve of religion and social control was much greater and hence there were at least a couple of honor killings a day, if not more. The partition years can be seen to be the beginning of the tradition of honor killing on a large scale.The misconception about honor killing is that this is a practice that is limited to the rural areas. The truth is that it is stretch over such a large geographical area that we cannot seize honor killings to rural areas only, though one has to admit that majority of the killings fill place in the rural areas.But it has also been seen recently that even the metropolitan cities like Delhi and Tamil Nadu are not safe from this crime be get 5 honor killings were report from Delhi and in Tamil Nadu a daughter and son in fair play were killed due to marriage into the same(p) gotra.The second gear misconception regarding honor killing is that it has religious grow. Even if a woman commits adultery, there have to be quartet male witnesses with good behavior and story to validate the charge. Furthermore only the State can carry out discriminative punishments, but never an individual vigilante. So, we can clearly see that there is no religious backing or religious roots for this heinous crime.Reasons of honor killingSociologists believe that the reason why honor killings continue to impinge on place is because of the continued rigidity of the caste system.The charge of losing their caste status through which they gain many benefits makes them commit this heinous crime.The other reason why honor killings are taking place is because the mentality of people has not changed and they just cannot accept that marriages can hold up place in the same gotra or outside ones caste.The root of the cause for the increase in the form of honor killings is because the formal governance has not been able to reach the rural areas and as a result.Thu s, this practice continues though it should have been removed by now.Honor killing in diametrical states of India and communitiesHonor killings have been reported in northern regions of India, mainly in the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, as a result of people marrying without their familys acceptance, and sometimes for marrying outside their caste or religion. In contrast, honor killings are rare to non-existent in South India and the western Indian states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. In some other part of India, notably West Bengal, honor killings ceased about a century ago, generally due to the activism and influence of reformists such as Vivekananda, Ramakrishna, Vidyasagar and Raja Ram Mohan Roy.Among Rajputs, marriages with members of other castes can provoke the killing of the unify couple and immediate family members. This form of honor killing is attributed to Rajput culture and traditional views on the perceived rightness of a l ineage.The Indian state of Punjab has a large event of honor killings. According to data compiled by the Punjab Police, 34 honor killings were reported in the state between 2008 and 2010 10 in 2008, 20 in 2009, and four in 2010.Haryana and Uttarakhand are also notorious for incidents of honor killing, mainly in the upper caste of parliamentary procedure, among rajputs and jaats. Bhagalpur in the eastern Indian state of Bihar has also been notorious for honor killings. Recent pillow elusions entangle a 16-year-old girl, Imrana, from Bhojpur who was set on fire inside her house in a case of what the police force called moral vigilantism. The victim had screamed for help for about 20 minutes before neighbours arrived, only to find her smouldering body. She was admitted to a local hospital, where she later died from her injuries. In May 2008, Jayvirsingh Bhadodiya shot his daughter Vandana Bhadodiya and struck her on the head with an axe. In June 2010 some incidents were reported even from Delhi.In a landmark sagaciousness in bunt 2010, Karnal district court bon toned the execution of pentad perpetrators of an honor killing in Kaithal, and imprisoning for life the khap (local caste-based council) chief who ordered the killings of Manoj Banwala (23) and Babli (19), a man and woman of the same clan who eloped and married in June 2007. contempt having been given police protection on court orders, they were kidnapped their mutilated bodies were run aground a week later in an irrigation canal.Fight against honor crimes A tale of five girlsMukesh Malik 28Mukesh became eyesore of her family members when in 2006 she told about her wish for inter-caste marriage.I was jailed in my own house for three months, she said.According to Mukesh, her parents did not like her judgment for an inter-caste marriage. Then, they started looking a boy of their choice for me but I prefer to leave the village, she added.A degree holder in mass communication, Mukesh coupled a v ernacular for her livelihood. Though, after some time she left the trouble and started working for a woman organization, AIDWA. On March 29, 2011, she finally married a journalist, who is not from her catse.Seema 25Seemas brother Manoj alongwith his married woman Babli were killed for marrying in the same gotra. A constable in Haryana police, Seema alongwith her mother is fighting for justice in the courts against the killers. They are pitted against khap panchayats across the region and the political establishment. She is living chthonic police protection.Monika, 20Monika, a graduation student of a Sonipat college, was reportedly married to Gaurav Saini of Delhi in 2009. In the documentary, Gaurav tells about Monicas struggle to lead an self-directed life and the subsequent problems their marriage faced since they belonged to different castes.Anjali Chahal, 24Anjali sees facts of life as a way to break out of the arranged marriage and domestic life her family wants for her. Her M.Phil thesis, on esteem crimes, is her answer to the voice of tradition. condescension the proliferating educational standards and economic prosperity, the society and I say the civil society including the niche, where I come from, justify the killings in the name of so-called honor. My get laid is to unravel the belowlying reasons and desires of the aggressiveness of this particular community in Haryana.Geetika, 20Geetika, a student of Delhi University, directs a street play on sinlessness crimes. She approaches the play keeping in mind her own need to headspring the belief systems she was heir to.LegalTerming the practice of khap panchayats of handing down punishment to couples who go for sagotra or inter-caste marriage as flagrant violation of the equity, the fairness kick came up with a draft legislation which seeks to make such acts a non-bailable offence.The Home Ministry had made proposal to amend Sec ccc of the IPC to define honour killing as separate crime. Out of 28 states, 18 have responded with Haryana opposing any such move and states like UP, Delhi and Rajasthan financial support the idea.On 5August 2010, in a parliament session, Chidambaram proposed a bill that included public stripping of women and externment of young couples from villages and any act which is humiliating will be punish with severityThere is also a proposal to amend the Evidence Act, edict of Criminal Procedure and the excess Marriage Act to check the menace of honour killing through a draft bill The Indian Penal encipher and indisputable Other Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2010, government sources told PTI.The law commission of India has said there is no need to alter the definition of murder under Section 300 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) to spread over with honour killings.The commission is starring(predicate) facie of the view that there is no need for introducing a provision in Section 300 IPC in order to bring the so-called honour killings within the ambit of this provision, the panel said in a credit paper.The motive behind killing a person does not put up real justification to introduce a separate provision in Section 300. Probably, the increment of such a clause may create confusion and interpretational difficulties,The panel was particularly concerned in view of the reported proposal to transpose the onus of proof in such cases from the pursuit to the defence i.e. the accused. This means the accused would be deemed guilty until he is able to prove his innocence during trial.The panel, however, agreed that there was a need to deal with the problem. In what could preempt such offences, the panel suggested that unlawful assembly of people for taking action in case of marriages against the mandate of the society should be made an offence penal under law.In June 2010, scrutinizing the increasing number of honor killings, the Supreme Court of India issued notices to the Central establishment and six states including Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan to take preventive measures against honor killings.Alarmed by the rise of honor killings, the Government planned to bring a bill in the Monsoon Session of Parliament July 2010 to impart for deterrent punishment for honor killingsInternational aspect of honor killingIts worth mentioning here that Honor Killing is not specifically related to India only. This is a practice that continues to be prevailing in sum and South America, Africa, Turkey and many other countries. But the thing that has to be kept in mind is that the number of incidents relating to this crime is very low and there is a very strict punishment for committing this crime in other countries.Many womens groups in the Middle East and Southwest Asia umbrageous that more than 20,000 women are killed each year.Changing ethnical and economic status of women has also been used to explain the occurrences of honor killings. Women in largely patriarchal cultures who have gained economic independ ence from their families go against their male-dominated culture. Some researchers argue that the shift towards greater responsibility for women and less for their fathers may cause their male family members to act in oppressive and sometimes violent manners in order to regain authority.This change of culture can also be seen to have an effect in Western cultures such as Britain where honor killings ofttimes arise from women seeking greater independence and adopting seemingly Western values. For women who pinch their ancestry back to the Middle East or South Asia, wear clothes that are considered Western, having a boyfriend, or refusing to accept an arranged marriage are all offenses that can and have led to an honor killing.Countries where the law is interpreted to allow men to kill female relatives in a premeditated effort as well as for crimes of passions, in flagrante delicto in the act of committing adultery, includeHaiti Article 269 of the penal code states in the case of ad ultery as provided for in Article 284, the murder by a husband of his married woman and/or her partner, immediately upon discovering them in flagrante delicto in the conjugal abode, is to be pardoned.Jordan Part of article 340 of the Penal Code states that he who discovers his wife or one of his female relatives committing adultery and kills, wounds, or injures one of them, is exempted from any penalty. This has twice been put forward for cancellation by the government, but was retained by the Lower House of the Parliament, in 2003 a year in which at least seven honor killings took place. Article 98 of the Penal Code is practically cited alongside Article 340 in cases of honor killings. Article 98 stipulates that a rock-bottom clock time is applied to a person who kills another person in a fit of fury.Countries that allow men to kill female relatives in flagrante delicto (but without premeditation) includeSyria In 2009, Article 548 of the Syrian Law code was amended. Beforehand, the article waived any punishment for males who commit murder on a female family member for inappropriate sex acts. Article 548 states that He who catches his wife or one of his ascendants, descendants or sister committing adultery (flagrante delicto) or illegitimate sexual acts with another and he killed or injure one or both of them benefits from a reduced penalty, that should not be less than 2 years in prison in case of a killing. Article 192 states that a judge may opt for reduced punishments (such as short-term imprisonment) if the killing was done with an honorable intent. In addition to this, Article 242 says that a judge may reduce a sentence for murders that were done in rage and caused by an il heavy act committed by the victim.Countries that allow husbands to kill only their wives in flagrante delicto (based upon the Napoleonic code) includeMorocco Revisions to Moroccos criminal code in 2003 helped improve womens legal status by eliminating unequal sentencing in adulter y cases. Article 418 of the penal code given(p) extenuating circumstances to a husband who kills, injures, or beats his wife and/or her partner, when catching them in flagrante delicto while committing adultery. While this article has not been repealed, the penalty for committing this crime is at least now the same for both genders.In two Latin American countries, similar laws were struck down over the past two decades according to human rights lawyer Julie Mertus in Brazil, until 1991 wife killings were considered to be non-criminal honor killings in just one year, just about eight hundred husbands killed their wives. Similarly, in Colombia, until 1980, a husband legally could kill his wife for committing adultery.Countries where honor killing is not legal but is cognize to occur includeItaly Article 133 and 62 of the Italian Penal Code offer the possibility of reduced sentencing and punishment for crimes that occur within the offenders cultural norms. In the case of honor killi ngs and other honor related crimes, these articles could perhaps allow for honor killing offenders to justify the murder with produces that the killing was done because of cultural traditions. Italian Parliament member, Souad Sbai, suggested in 2010 that Italy amend these articles so that honor killings do not have extra protection under Italian law.Turkey In Turkey, persons found guilty of this crime are sentenced to life in prison. There are well documented cases, where Turkish courts have sentenced whole families to life imprisonment for an honor killing. The most recent was on January 13, 2009, where a Turkish Court sentenced five members of the same Kurdish family to life imprisonment for the honor killing of Naile Erdas, 16, who got pregnant as a result of rape.Pakistan Honor killings are known as karo kari. The practice is supposed to be prosecuted under ordinary killing, but in practice police and prosecutors oftentimes ignore it. Often a man must simply claim the killing was for his honor and he will go free. Nilofar Bakhtiar, advisor to old Minister Shaukat Aziz, stated that in 2003, as many as 1,261 women were killed in honor killings. The Hudood Ordinances of Pakistan, enacted in 1979 by then ruler frequent Zia-ul-Haq, created laws that realigned Pakistani rule with Islamic law. The law had the effect of reducing the legal protections for women, especially regarding sex outside of the marriage. Women who made accusations of rape, after this law, were required to provide four male witnesses. If unable to do this, the alleged rape could not be prosecuted in the courts. Because the woman had admitted to sex outside of marriage, however, she could be punished for having sex outside of the marriage, a punishment that ranged from stoning to public lashing. This law made it that much more risky for women to come forward with accusations of rape. In 2006, the Womens Protection Bill amended these Hudood Ordinances by removing four male witnesses as a r equirement for rape allegations. On December 8, 2004, under international and domestic pressure, Pakistan enacted a law that made honor killings punishable by a prison term of seven years, or by the death penalty in the most extreme cases. Womens rights organizations were, however, wary of this law as it stops short of outlawing the practice of allowing killers to buy their freedom by paying compensation to the victims relatives. Womens rights groups claimed that in most cases it is the victims immediate relatives who are the killers, so inherently the new law is just whitewash. It did not alter the render whereby the accused could negotiate pardon with the victims family under the Islamic provisions. In March 2005 the Pakistani parliament rejected a bill which sought to build up the law against the practice of honor killing. However, the bill was brought up again, and in November 2006, it passed. It is probationary whether or not the law would actually help women.Egypt A number of studies on honor crimes by The Centre of Islamic and Middle eastern Law, at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London, includes one which reports on Egypts legal system, noting a gender bias in favor of men in general, and notably article 17 of the Penal Code judicial discretion to allow reduced punishment in certain circumstance, often used in honor killings case.ConclusionWhat can we do to prevent such a thing from happening? Firstly, the mentality of the people has to change. And when we say that the mentality has to change, we mean to say that parents should accept their childrens wishes regarding marriage as it is they who have to lead a life with their life partners and if they are not live up to with their life partner then they will lead a slimy married life which talent even end in suicide. Parents might be right sometimes but killing own children in the name of honor doesnt leads to honor instead give birth to another crime. I would like to quote an examp le that if one cow is dim in color, the other is brown, this one is white, another is black and white tho the milk from all of them is white in color. All are different paths to one destination. We live in a Universe and not Multi-verse. The man god created was not supposed to be divided and the discrimination in any form is the lowest understanding of life.Secondly, we need to have stricter laws to contract these kinds of killings as this is a crime which cannot be pardoned because Humans do not have the right to write down death sentences of innocent fop humans. Its alarming time and the need is toStir our soul, arouse our mind, the truth is awakening.Is there any justification? Does our Hindu Religion support such rude acts? Well, who cares for the Dharma Honor killing is related more too social type slug and less to the religion. What is the Indian government doing then? It is yet to get present with the changing reality Even if it becomes, nothing is going to happen. The government social system remains vulnerable to the whims of power and muscles. Whats the solution then? Honor killing is going to be in full swing. At last I would like to pray,Into that HEAVEN OF FREEDOM, my FATHER, let my country awake

Infomercials And Other Dishonest Commercials Essay -- essays research

Infomercials and Other Dishonest CommercialsThe new(prenominal) night I was academic term in front of the television watching a latenight show, when a commercial break came on, I instinctively clicked on the impertinent to flip through the channels to confab what else was on. As I surfed throughthe channels I came across dozens of info-mercials, a commercial for acquiring acollege story at home, and a few mental hotline advertisements. I stoppedclicking the remote after a while to see what the commercials were selling, andto see how cheep the products were. thither were advertisements for how to father abetter body, the "fountain of juvenility" make-up, and the charcoal-less grill. It isamazing what they come up with nowadays. As I continued glide I came acrossSally Struthers trying to sell an "earn your college degree at home" commercial,honestly, how good can that kind of degree be? then(prenominal) as I kept flipping, I cameacross the "psychic netw ork of friends" advertisement, just as they wereoffering a "free psychic reading to first time callers" all that was requiredwas that a real 1-800 number be dialed and a person could get a reading.Then to show that the reading was accurate, they had spate come on and say thattheir go with the psychic was "life changing," and that "it was so realthe psychic knew everything." It is amazing what people will fall for in thisday and age.     Info-mercials ar basically one-half hour commercials that attempt to sellproducts to watchers. The products that virtually info-mercials offer argon things that atomic number 18 said to "improve manyones life" but in most cases the products are rip-offsand are an easy way for the manufacturers to make money. Some of the productsinclude the "AB-flex," a simple rocking seat that is supposed to hold thisunearthly power to drop off a persons stomach. The "AB-flex" guarantees t o "makeit easier to develop stomach muscles, without the assistance of any othermachine, in just thirty days" they also claim that "this physical composition of equipment canmake you feel younger and give you more energy." There is also an info-mercialfor "the fountain of youth" make-up, the make-up is said to make sputter appearyounger than it actually is this product plays off the idea of women hating togr... ...s reliant on"their own personal psychic" for information about their future tense life, there isalmost no turning back. These hotlines, I have to admit, are a really good moneymaker. Who would not want to hold out what is going to happen to themselves in thefuture? It would tempt even the most rational person to call up the number toget a glimpse into their future.     The world is not longer filled with honest people. tout ensemble that people areout for nowadays is money, and they will do anything to get it, even if it meanslying, deceiving, and bribing people into things They will stop at nothing.Salespeople cerebrate this by that if the people that are watching are gullible plenty to buy or call, then they deserve to be ripped-off. Honesty in sales nolonger exists, it has been replaced by lying and cheating. Consumers are nolonger safe from these deceivers, instead they must arm themselves withknowledge and common-sense. For some people this may be a challenge, they havealready been displace into the trap of these liars, and it is difficult for them toescape the trap, but if we are to survive in this new world of dishonest people,then we must be armed.

Riot Grrrl: Empowering Women and Changing the World Essay -- Feminism

Take a moment and envision yourself accompanying your significant other at a highly anticipated punk rock concert. Upon arrival, he immediately insists that you prank the role of a good girlfriend by holding his jacket while he and the rest of the male audience move up towards the mosh pit. You soon find yourself pushed and shoved to the back of the room, the farthest distance by from the stage as possible, along with hundreds of other good girlfriends as personified turn up hangers. This was an issue faced by many women in the early 90s who were interested in the punk rock scene, yet were uneffective to receive their voices be heard, until now. Riot grrrl, a radical feminist try that thrived in the underground punk scene has challenged the media to take a beat back and recognize the women involved to be able to portray and testify themselves without the need of societys written standards of how or what the ideal char should be. In Kevin Dunn and May Farnsworths article, We ARE The Revolution Riot Grrrl Press, young lady Empowerment, and DIY Self-Publishing, the authors mention how riot grrrl members took matters into their own hands by establishing their own social sources of positive and influential media through utilization of radio shows, fanzines, television programs, and original outlets to promote self expression and awareness. They had every good intention to load down these opportunities out since the media has long been known for deliberately distorting every ounce of justice they are given. Misconceptions of feminism have especially emerged through the deceitful maneuver of the media and have managed to successfully establish a negative connotation with the driving of feminism. When questioned on the topic of feminism,... ... permanent mark on todays world. It may be considered a mans world for now, scarcely with the efforts of millions who support the same values that riot grrrl enforces, it result soon it will be a world of equal ity where both men and women have equal opportunities to have their voices be heard. Works CitedDownes, Julia. Women Make Noise missy Bands from Motown to the Modern. Twickenham Supernova, 2012. Print.Dunn, Kevin, and May Summer Farnsworth. We ARE The Revolution Riot Grrrl Press, little girl Empowerment, And DIY Self-Publishing. Womens Studies 41.2 (2012) 136-157. faculty member Search Premier. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.Leonard, Marion. Gender in the Music Industry Rock, Discourse, and Girl Power. Aldershot, Hampshire, England Ashgate, 2007. Print. Meltzer, Marisa. Girl Power The Nineties Revolution in Music. New York Faber and Faber, 2010. Print.

Henr Fayol & Management Essay -- essays research papers

The work of Taylor and Fayol is substantively complementary. They both realized that the problem of HR and their government at all levels is the key to business success. Both utilise scientific method to this problem. Taylor worked primarily on the operative level, from the bottom of the organisational hierarchy upward. Fayol concentrated on the Managing Director (his term) and worked downward.Unlike Taylor, Fayols work reflects a tension surrounded by his recognition that managers be not supermen and yet employees should not be allowed enough autonomy and responsibility to solve second-order problems (problems for which there are no precedents, or previous exemplary solutions).Additionally, Fayols work provides much much insights into the intellectual underpinnings of the approach.On the division of labor (9, 13) The most important superpower of the actor is "technical" (physical) ability. As sensation goes up the organization ladder, the coitus importance of manag erial ability increases, while that of technical ability decreases. To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, coordinate and to control (p. 6).General Principles of Management1. Division of work. strength belongs to the natural order (a religious belief?). Management should pursue normalisation of work. The object of work is to produce more and better with the uniform effort. The worker always on the same part, the manager concerned always with the same matters, acquire an ability, sureness, and accuracy which increase their output.2. Authority and responsibility. The good manager should fuddle official authority deriving from office and personal authority, compounded of intelligence, experience, good worth, ability to lead, past services, etc. Responsibility is a corollary of authority, it is its natural number and essential counterpart, and where authority is exercised responsibility arises.3. Discipline. Discipline is obedience, application, energy, behavi or, and respect. Discipline is absolutely essential for the smooth running of business and without discipline no enterprise could prosper.When a defect in discipline is apparent or when relations between superiors and subordinates leave much to be desired, responsibility for this must not be cast heedlessly, and without going further afield, on the poor state of the team, because the peaked(predicate) mostly results... ...the combination of kindliness and justice (as defined by?).12. stability of tenure of personnel office. It seems that the whole idea of job security is really adapt toward stabilizing management. Generally, the managerial personnel of prosperous firms is stable, that of unsuccessful ones is unstable.However, he does bear on employment stability re "employees." Time is required for an employee to get utilise to new work and succeed in doing it well. If when he has got used to it, or before then, he is removed, he will not have era to render worthwhil e service. (Interestingly, there is no mention of such " mushy" elements as commitment, moral, and satisfaction.)13. Initiative. Thinking out a plan and ensuring its success is one of the keenest satisfaction for an intelligent man to experience. It is also one of the most regnant stimulants of human endeavor. Hence, it is essential to encourage and develop this capacity to the full.14. Esprit de corps. Harmony, union among the personnel of a concern, is great strength in that concern. Effort, then, should be made to plant it (this seems to mean, making sure that front-line employees buy into his managerial system).

Super Service Essay -- essays research papers

I am reviewing the adjudge top-notch Service, by Jeff and Valerie Gee. I was initially attracted to this mass due to the subtitle, vii keys to delivering great client returns Even when you dont find out like it Even when they dont de dole out it The contain promises to confer a new upbeat approach to serving customers on the introductory line and to make this job more meaningful to those who do. Upon first glance, the book looks overly simplified. I discovered, however, that it is well create verbally, and makes its points clearly without unnecessarily delving into complicated theories. This book encourages readers to see customer service from a different perspective you argon not performing solely for the customer or the company, but for your avouch sense of satisfaction. In this way, it functions as a motivational tool for those of us in the business of working directly with customers. The authors offer seven lively ideas for providing outstanding customer service. Ea ch one builds upon the premise of the previous one, fashioning these lessons sensible and natural to put into practice. The book illustrates each key with show window scenarios, checklists, cartoons, and exercises. The result is the creation of an interactive learning experience. Super Service is written in an easy-to-read, conversational style. The authors neither talk down to the reader nor shrink on the boring tone of an employee manual. The most striking difference I discovered is the straightforward techniques the authors reveal to help you put their concepts into practice. For example, anyone can branch you that the secret to serving customers well is to Have the right spatial relation, Listen with an inconsiderate mind, or Seek a win-win situation. This book teaches you easy ways to do those very things. How are you supposed to have a good attitude about serving customers? You wont change your attitude hardly because someone tells you that you should. Super Service giv es you reasons why you should be happy to serve your customers. Similar to information you might get from other sources, the authors of this book nidus what it costs you every time you lose a customer and how surd it is to get those customers back. However, these authors take the next step by motivating you to eff serving your customers. They teach you that serving is about being a conferrer instead ... ...If you consider the costs of losing a customer, maintaining customer loyalty is, in itself, a money-making practice. For example Club Med found that one lost customer costs the company at least $2,400. Additionally, a study make for the US Office of Consumer Affairs discovered that in households that had service fusss with probable costs of over $100, 54% of customers would maintain brand loyalty if the line was resolved. Only 19% of these customers reported that they would continue doing business with the company if the problem was not resolved to their satisfaction.6 As a whole, I think Super Services take on customer service is an super useful tool for employees who participate in direct interaction with customers. Overall, I found their ideas easy to implement, and motivational. I also thought the authors would benefit by discussing customer service topics such as exceeding customers expectations, moments of truth, empowering the front line, and service recovery. By combining these principles with their motivational system for great customer service, I believe they could cover virtually every aspect of interacting with customers.

Thematic Comparison of Lovelace’s To Lucasta and Donne’s Song Essay

Thematic Comparison of Lovelaces To Lucasta and Donnes Song Modern perceptions of warmth as expressed in literature-- with sex activity equality and the abandonment of expected role-playing-- did not arbitrarily become pervasive, that are the product of centuries of incremental progression. The seventeenth century in ill-tempered provided a foundation for this progression, as poets for the very first time began to doubt the dictated structure and male domination of the Elizabethan era. Two poems of the seventeenth century, the cavalier To Lucasta on Going to the Wars by Richard Lovelace and the metaphysical Song by John Donne, each focusing on the pain inflicted by incompatible aspects of bask, employ tactics emblematic of the centurys poetry to dispute loves puzzling nature. Both ostensible attempts to treasure their audiences by universalizing and morally justifying loves baneful realities, they eventual(prenominal)ly fail and give way their audiences with only exacerbat ed pain. To Lucasta, Lovelaces attempt to justify his departure from his lover Lucasta for the British Civil War by subjugating his sensual love to honor, fails in its unordered and contradictory nature, and acknowledges the ability of loves endurance to victimize man, while Song, by trying to alleviate the pain of fleeting love, only underscores loves inevitable elusiveness. Lovelace, one of the preeminent cavalier poets of the seventeenth century, attempts to employment his particular situation with his lover Lucasta as well as an solicitation to honor and patriotism to justify to all soldiers the departure of their lovers, but the poems inconsistencies obviate success. Throughout the poem, Lovelaces mind, understanding the need to go to dispute, remains at war with hi... ...love for his precious Lucasta, however, inconsistencies and wavering pervade his writing, and get around his involuntary mockery of soldierly values and his unbreakable bond to Lucasta. As he must ventu re into battle, he becomes a victim of loves lasting impregnability. Donne, in his Song attempts at first to comfort all men who have encountered the difficulties of romantic relations. With his strong, dominating voice, however, he obliterates the prospects of long-suffering love. Much the opposite of Lovelace, Donne delineates himself as a victim of loves elusiveness. What the two poems have in common is their discomforting effect on their audiences resulting from their eventual resignation to their respective perceived realities. For Lovelace, this reality is a future of battle and a separation from all that matters for Donne, it is a life void of enduring love.

Joseph C. R. Licklider :: essays research papers

     Joseph C. R. convulselider died when he was 75, on June 26, 1990. His expiration was caused by a heart attack that followed because of complications from asthma. Licklider was born in St. Louis, second and educated at Washington University and the University of Rochester. There he received his trinity bachelors degrees in math, physics, and psychology. Licklider was well liked and had a precise good reputation for being very humble, often letting others take credit for his ideas. Licklider obscureness and good manners were probably part of his mid-western upbringing. Licklider came to Massachusetts Institute of applied science in 1950. Previously, he had locomoteed at Harvard Universitys Psychoacoustics Laboratory, where he discovered that "clipped talk" was 70-90 percent intelligible. Professor Lickliders background was in the psychology of communications, and he play a major role in stimulating linguistics question at MIT while contributi ng to the study of biological characteristics of communication. Licklider lectured on the neurophysiology of imaging and hearing, the perception of speech, and the presentation and absorption of information. J.C.R. Lickliders contribution to the development of the Internet consists of ideas not inventions. He foresaw the need for networked computers with easy user interfaces. His ideas foretold of graphical cypher, point-and -click interfaces, digital libraries, e-commerce, online banking, and software program that would exist on a network and migrate to wherever it was needed. He has been called, "Computings Johnny Appleseed," a well-deserved nickname for a man who planted the seeds of cypher in the digital age. Licklider planted his symbolic seeds at two very important places. Most importantly, he worked for several years at ARPA, which is Pentagons modernistic Research Projects Agency, where he set the stage for the creation of the ARPANET. Licklider worked at style Beranek and Newman, the company that supplied the first computers connected on the ARPANET. He did his doctoral work in psychoacoustics. In 1942, he went to work at Harvards Psychoacoustics Laboratory where he did work for the Air Force to find solutions for the communication problems faced by crewman in noisy bomber aircraft. Joseph Licklider worked on a unwarmed War project called SAGE designed to create computer-based air defense mechanism systems against Soviet Union bombers. Lick became increasingly interested in computing thereafter. Coming to the world of computing from a psychology background gave Lick a unique perspective. Computing at the time consisted mainly of batch-processing operations. hulking problems would be outlined in advance and operations coded onto paper lick cards that were then fed into computers in large batches.

A Brief Overview of Feminism Essay example -- essays papers

A Brief Overview of Feminism Feminism ass be roughly described as a movement that seeks to intensify the quality of womens lives by impacting the norms and moves of a society based on male dominance and subsequent female subordination. Although feminist literary belles-lettres began to gain popularity in the 20th century, feminist characters have been around for ages. womens rightist criticisms self transformations over the past several decades as it engages with both critiques from within and encounters from without- encounters with psychoanalysis, Marxism, Post-Structuralisms, ethnic studies, post-colonial theory, and lesbian and gay studies- have produced a complex proliferation of work not easily subsumed to a single description. (Rivkin 527). harmonize to Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan in their essay Feminist Paradigms, feminist criticism includes several otherwise ideas. Gayle Rubin, author of The Traffic in Women Notes on the Political Economy of fetch up, also add s The literature on women- both feminist and anti-feminist- is a desire rumination on the question of the nature and genesis of womens burdensomeness and social subordination. Some of the earlier feminist characters include Kate, from The Taming of the Shrew and The married woman of Bath from the Canterbury Tales. Unfortunately, during their times these women were viewed as either crazy or troublesome. at that place was little respect for their opinions and ideas. Trailblazers such as Jane Austen, the Bronte sisters, and Geo...

All Quiet On The Western Front :: essays research papers

Decline of godlinessThe novel All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque shows that war destroys much than just the physical level the turn away of morality has taken placethrough various circumstances in the novel such as then incident where capital of Minnesota Baumer is hale to kill a soldier in a shell hole, when capital of Minnesota lies to his mother and the mother of hisdead friend Kemmerich and when Paul and Kat mustiness beat a recruit unconscious to stophim from leaving the chuck these incidents can be compared to events in the 1990s suchas climb on in the abortion rate, Columbine High School shootings, and the incident amidPresident Clinton and Monica Lewinski.In Chapter 7 Paul is granted a permit from his duties for to the highest degree a month and in thistime he plans on going home and visiting his family. When he arrives his mother askshim questions about how he is and about the war. More specifically she asks, Was itvery bad out there, Paul? He t hinks to himself how that is a bad question and thatnobody realizes how bad the soldiers actually have so he is forced to lie. He says No,Mother, not so very. There are always a lot of us unneurotic so it isnt so bad. Here theauthor proves that the war forces many to lie to their parents whom they have always beenhonest with and this demonstrates the decline of family life that the war causes. Later inthe chapter he goes to visit the mother of his dead friend, Kemmerich. composition there he tellsher that he died instantly and she doesnt believe him, You lie. I retire better. I have felthis anguish-tell the truth, I deficiency to know it, I must know it.(159) He again lies to her,No, I was beside him. He died at once (159). But yet she tells him, I know you wantto comfort me, but dont you see, you torment me far more than if you told me the truth? Icannot bear the uncertainty (159). He sticks to his story sexual congress her, He diedimmediately. He felt absolutely nothing at all. His demonstrate was quite calm (160). Again thisincident shows that war has a study affect on family life, if he is able to lie to his motherabout the war easily, that makes it easier for him to lie to Mrs. Kemmerich about her son.These incidents can be most near related to the confrontation involving the President

Generation What? An Outcast of Generation X :: Essays Papers

Generation What? An Outcast of Generation XReflecting upon my writing is one of the just just about difficult tasks I assume ever been asked to do. Looking back upon my work, I realize that this is one of the most important papers I stand written. Not only was this piece the first paper I have written for a writing studio, it also enabled me to release some of the frustrations I have with my generation.Generation X. Slackers. Twentysomethings. There has been so much written about this group. There have been countless attempts by the media to analyze them. The media panders to and laughs at them, to the highest degree in the same breath. They discuss the groups alienation and disaffection, and their pride in multiculturalism. The media mocks their evidently constant depression and applauds their tolerance and open-mindedness. Movies such as Reality Bites and hit show this group in altogether its glory. Most people in this age group watch these movies and feel a connec tion wit h them. The backdrops of these characters lives, and the experiences these characters face atomic number 18 similar to their own. However, I, as well as mevery of my peers, cannot relate to any of the so-c eached Gen eration X movies, TV shows, music, etc. While we are all in the correct age group, these forms of entertain ment are for the products of a white, middle-class, suburban upbringing. This category leaves out a con siderable amount of young Americans. The all concept of a Generation X reminds me of junior high school, where penetrative the right people, wearing the right clothes, and listening to the right music center status and popularity. Back in junior high, there was the popular crowdrich kids, ath letes, and elegant people. These popular people had one thing in common conformity. They all wore the same type of clothes with the same brand names. They went to all the socially key functionsparties, dances, etc. As much as twentysomethings would same(p) to trust t hey have progressed beyond this point, they have not. Generation X also has a popular crowd. Instead of going to the socially key parties, they att discontinue contrive events like Lollapalooza and Woodstock 94. Instead of going out of their way to look like everyone else, they go out of their way not to look like everyone elseand end up looking like everyone else in the process. The audience at a Lollapalooza concert is a study in nonconformist conformity.

Anna Karenina Booknotes :: essays research papers

Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy ranks as wholeness of the worlds great writers. He was also an fundamental moral thinker and reformer. Tolstoy was born at Yasnaya Polyana, Russia, the fourth of five children. after(prenominal) being educated at Kazan in 1844, he joined the host in 1852. He fought proudly in the Crimean War, and after he left field the army, he traveled abroad. He inspected German schools to insure their quality beforehand going to his associates side outside of Marseille, France. Nicolai died at a spa with his brother at his side. This death affected Tolstoy so deeply that his writing was the all thing that kept him afloat. Upon his return, Tolstoy settled on his Volga estate, where he wrote his epic masterpiece War and Peace - the story of five families during Napoleons invasion of Russia. His next novel, Anna Karenina, write in the romantic period, is one of the great love stories of the world. He get hitched with Sofya Andreyevna Bers, a.k.a. Sonya, and h ad nine children. Tolstoy then experienced a spiritual crisis which led to such(prenominal) works as A Confession and What I Believe. Some of his similar, to begin with struggles were recorded in Anna Karenina, which he had previously published. Tolstoy converted to his religion, Tolstoyism. This faith verbalize that "only through emotional and religious commitment can one discover this natural truth". His family disapproved of this and made bearing around the Tolstoy hall unbearable for almost everyone.In his last days, he transferred his fortune to his wife and lived poorly as a peasant under her roof. Leaving sept secretly, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy died of pneumonia some days later at nearby railway station. Anna is visualized as a beautiful, mysterious woman who encompasses the quest for personal discovery. She is field in her life, but sees something that she wants more. This love, the love for Vronsky, drives her to unimaginable heights to keep her life and men tal state at a safe level. As a woman, Anna suffers great injustices for her actions. These unfair laws of society drive her to her grave.Levin is representative of Tolstoys life. He is a respected, educated, and well off landowner in the aristocracy. His quest for self-discovery leads him out into the handle with his workers, thrashing grass with the rest of them. He also lusts after Kitty, and eventually attains her love when she realizes what a good and true man he is.