Homosexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

sapphicity - Essay ExampleIn order to understand crotchet in a better way, we must understand the cause of homosexuality. Love between the members of both peculiar(prenominal) gender is the cause of homosexuality. Feelings of love and care are not gender specific. It is not necessary that these feelings of all time arise between the individuals belonging to opposite genders. Sometimes the feelings of love and care likewise arise between the individuals belonging to the same gender. Those feelings become the reason for any two individuals from the same gender to confirm gnarly in a relationship between each other, which is often referred as homosexuality. Homosexuality claims our underlying hermaphrodism at play when we naturally feel more attracted to the same rather than the opposite sex (Roy).Homosexuality also gives rise to another critical issue, which is same sex marriage. The government of the United States of America does not allow same sex marriages. The government o f America believes that marriage is a sanctified relationship, which should always involve individuals from opposite sexes whereas homo or lesbian marriages result in destroying the basic sprit of the relationship of marriage. However, in nearly states of America, courts consecrate allowed people for same sex marriages. Some of those states include Massachusetts, Vermont, and Connecticut. The courts of these states declared that marriage is a cultured right, so gays and lesbians also possess this right (Cahill 4). In these states, although people belonging to same sexes are allowed to get tied in marital relationships with each other, yet their marriages or living status as a couple is not regarded by the majority of the US population. Homosexual couples face many problems in any specific indian lodge. One of the major problems, which homosexual couples face, is the discouraging behavior of the people who know them. If we talk about homosexual marriages, we can say that major ity of people usually do not encourage homosexual marriages because they think that much(prenominal) marriages are just for the fulfillment of sexual desires instead of making a sacred relationship. People believe that gay and lesbian couples adversely affect the norms and values of a society. People also look suspiciously towards gay and lesbian couples and do not respect them as traditional couples. Therefore, such couples undergo a hard struggle in order to be accepted by the society in which they live. Another issue, which homosexual couples face, is opposition from the supporters of traditional family systems. Traditional family supporters believe that family system is essential for the public of a society. They firmly believe that men are made for women and women are made for men. They think that gay and lesbian couples weaken the foundations of a family system because neither they can give birth to babies nor they can entirely fulfill the sexual desires of each other. Trad itional family supporters also think that such marriages or relationships result in decreasing the work force of the country because of their inability to give birth to babies. The viewpoint of homosexual couples is contrary from the traditionalists. They believe that same sex marriages do not violate the family values as they also have the feelings of love

Marketing Strategy Based on the Apex City of London Hotel Essay

Marketing Strategy Based on the elevation City of London Hotel - Essay ExampleApex should also choose between melodic line and tourist traffic in order to build a competitive edge. The prime location bequeath non yield adequate returns with only a 4-star rating, and the management should plan for an upgrade.London is a major(ip) financial, tourist, and historical center. The 2012 Olympic Games and its aftermath will open additional market segments. The city also has a very large number of established and competitive lodging and boarding facilities. Hence, the long term prospects of a new hotel such as Apex cannot succeed without creative and systematic segmentation and accurate targeting as well (Payne, 2002).Apex targets both affluent tourist traffic, as well as middle-level traffic executives. This is apparent from how the rooms have been appointed, the location elect, and the conference facilities (Welcome, 2007). This kind of blend is a copy of manoeuvre followed in the pa st by competing 4-star facilities, but it is not an optimal strategy for Apex to follow. The hotel should either accent on tourist traffic, or specialize as a convention center. It will weaken its mark by trying to do both things (Nijssen and Frambach, 2000). It is true that London has potential revenues from both segments, but since Apex is a late entrant in a mature market, it would do better to specialize in any one of the two segments which it has served during its first year.Generic StrategyApex could have focused on becoming a luxury hotel for top executives and for celebrity visitors to the city. The prime location chosen makes it suitable for such use. This find of focus generic strategy would have offered the management superior returns on investment (Porter, 1991). However, the hotel has chosen to compete on price. The discounts promotions, deals, and special offers, which Apex offers makes it a place of choice in the prime neighborhood where it is situated. This generi c strategy may be difficult to sustain in the long run, and it is probably not required given the enormous traffic with London. The hotel has probably lost significant cash flows through its deep discounts. The forthcoming London Olympics will impact this low-price strategy, as the hotel has established a reputation for discounts in travel circles, which it may not be able to withdraw during peak tourist arrivals (Barger & Kirby, 1995). Overall, the company has not tried to maximize returns on its new investment, and has probably

Strategic Analysis of Samsung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Strategic analytic thinking of Samsung - Essay ExampleAs per Franniegold (2008), the unions brand value was at US 5.2 gazillion in 2000 graded 43rd globally, in 2001 it was ranked 42nd with USD 604 billion and in the social class 2005, Samsung was at position twentieth among the first companies with brand value of 14.96 billion. The company has taken up 18.1 % of all the exports which contributes to the economy of Korea with 13.2% billion in 2000 and by 2004 it grew to 20.7% with Brand value of USD 52.7 billion. Its tax payments to the Korean Government in 2003 were KRW 6.5 trillion, 6.3% of the total revenues from tax. By the class 1997, Samsung market value shot up to KRW 7.3 trillion accounting to 10.3% of the Korean market. By 2004 it went up to KRW 90.8 trillion. The companys gelt annual profits in 2001 were KRW 5.8 trillion and in 2002 it went up to KRW 11.7 trillion. These figures shot up to KRW 15.7 trillion in 2004 indicating a steady increase.Samsung annual profit gr owth is as follows in 2001 it grew by 4.5 billion, in 2002 it reached $ 8.89 billion and in 2003 this figures shot up to $ 5.6 billion while $11.8 billion were recorded by the end of the year 2004. The firms debt-to-equity ration decrease includes 104% as by 2000, 78% in 2001, 68% as in 2002, in 2003 the figures were decreasing at 56% while 2003experienced a decrease of 51%.Mission and Vision tiltIts mission and vision statement, Economic contribution to the nation, priority to human resources, pursuit of rationalism, indicates its existence purpose and propels and gives the company a direction towards growth in the future. Currently, the companys strategic objectives indicate leadership in product development, strengthened performance, concentration in research and development and universal operation and presence as well as profitability and customer orientation. Samsung has installed strong mission and vision statements as well as good focussing philosophy that helps it achieve the above objectives. Its state of being conglomerate relates to its diversification in the other subordinate group companies that it posses (Samsung Group, 2006). The appropriate approach to the market involves the manner in which it gains value to each and every branch of the supply chain that encompasses relationship of customers and data relating to the products. This is achieved through Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). The company seeks to railroad tie up core gadgets like system-LSI, memory chips, A/V and LCDs, telecommunication gadgets, computers, home appliances, home appliances as well as other stand-alone goods into a net remedy to period of digital convergence. Samsung is employ to continuously create good relationship with its stakeholders comprising of employees, customers, suppliers as well as several governments and communities as a whole. It has a great focus on quality products that are at better competitive perimeter in the market.Strategic Analysis facto rsSamsungs in-depth business and strategic analysis involves a comprehensive study of the company, its

The Continuum from Legitimacy to Fraud Dissertation

The Continuum from Legitimacy to Fraud - Dissertation ExampleWith the mean of satisfying the data requirements of the proposed break down, two types of data collection surgical procedures, which include primary data and secondary data, leading be taken into account. The primary method of data collection to be implemented in this proposed study comprises interviews and surveys. In this context, interviews and surveys will be conducted on managers and stakeholders for collecting primary data in this proposed study. On the different hand, the secondary data planned to be roll up from various secondary sources in this proposed study will include journals, books, and other online sources. This proposed research will emphasize the study of earning concern. Earning management is identified as a practice executed by managers to modify the financial stance of the earning entity, depicting misrepresented financial teaching during the unsatisfactory performance of a play along. In th is respect, the proposed study will be executed with the aim of determine the various differences and linkages amid earning management and fraud. In the process to attain the determined aim, the proposed study will depict the dimensions and aspects of earning management. Accordingly, a quantitative research approach will be conjoined on the basis of which, the data collected will be analyzed with charts and graphs. It is expected that from the findings of the proposed study, the procedure on the basis of which earning management leads to fraudulent practices displace be revealed evidently.... On the other hand, fraud is unaccepted under the principles of GAAP being explained as the procedure of misrepresenting data and information presented to stakeholders and investors of the company. Kassem (2012) contextually stated that earning management may be accepted under the principles of GAAP, entirely it may affect stock price as well as integrity of a company leading to non-transpare ncy of financial information. As stated by Kassem (2012), management of a company may adopt earning management in providing misrepresented financial information in order to misguide stakeholders and investors during the failure of the company (Tangjitprom, 2013 Kassem, 2012). Earning Management is a form of Fraud According to Leuz, Nanda & Wysocki (2003), earning management is used by management of a company to adopt fraudulent practices for their benefits at the expense of stakeholders, investors and others interests who are dependable on the performance of the company. In this perspective, when stakeholders and investors detect that management of a company has adopted earning management, the stakeholders are eligible to take adequate disciplinal and legal measures against the occurrence of the mismanagement (Leuz, Nanda & Wysocki, 2003). In a similar perspective, Saanoun, Riahi & Arab (2013) have stated that managers may be adopting earning management in order to obtain private b enefits and revealing false financial information and reports to stakeholders and investors. Correspondingly, earning management is recognized as an unethical practice in business by stakeholders and investors, which can certainly hamper the confidence of stakeholders and investors among others to a significant extent (Saanoun, Riahi & Arab,

Development in Oil and Gas Retail industries Essay

Development in Oil and Gas sell industries - Essay ExampleThe standard for spot prices for crude crude oil is considered as Brent crude oil. The prices of crude oil in the Brent crude oil index curb been varying from $100 to $cxv since 2012. In this period the supply of the liquid fuel has increased in the countries of North America especially the USA and Canada. However there has been an equivalent drop in the production and sell of crude oil from countries of the North Africa and some countries in the Middle East. While increase in supply from USA and Canada have brought into the market an additional 4 million barrels per day of crude oil since 2008, supply interference and outages in North Africa and Middle East have largely offset this effect and prevented the prices from falling down. It is estimated that unwilled oil production outages have caused an average of 2.7 million barrels per day over the past 2 years and another fact is that the outages have increased from 1.8 million barrels per day in 2012 to just about 3.5 million barrels per day in May 2014. The main outages have been caused by OPEC countries such as Libya and Iran and non-OPEC countries such as South Sudan and Syria. The most problematic factor and the riskiness of the matter is that it is very embarrassing to predict when the supplies will return to normal levels given the geopolitical tabulations that are going on in these countries.The demand for oil has remained on the lower side in the new-fashioned years and this has contributed to the oil prices stay stable for a large part of the recent years. The demand growth from countries outside the OECD has slowed down cod to the fact that economic growth in the countries such as China, India, and Brazil has decreased in the recent years. The slower growth in the economies of these countries has correspondingly seen a decrease in the demand of the liquid in comparison to the past two decades. The consumption of liquid had reached a peak of 50

Starbucks in India Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Starbucks in India - Coursework ExampleIndia is said to go through big world and therefore it is not a surprise that its major products are from the agrarian sector. Most of its exports are agricultural with the textile and leather industries the leading ones. In fact, the agricultural sector in India is said to contribute close 25% of the countrys GDP. Textile intentness employs a lot of people both presently and indirectly. The other major industry in India is the chemical industry which is known to be among the oldest industries in India. The industry is known to produce about 70 000 commercial products. Food industry is also a prevalent one in India. Starbucks is a company that deals with agricultural products it has a high probability of succeeding in India. It will add to the agricultural sector and this could have influenced it (Paunikar, 2004).Indian saving has grown significantly everyplace the last one decade. The economy is actually showing promising trends that ar e attracting more and more investors to India. The economy of India has developed courtesy of agriculture and the decision of the state to eliminate socialism as well as the centralized bureaucracies which were high ineffective. Liberalization was a key factor to the growth of Indian economy since it heart-to-heart the way for foreign investors and this is a factor that could have influenced Starbucks (Paunikar, 2004).India has improved in terms of infrastructure. The roads have opened to the rural areas and it is easy for farmers to transport their agricultural goods to the markets. Mumbai and New Delhi are two towns that have an efficient railway system that can also be used for transportation purposes (Paunikar, 2004). The accessibility of these towns might be one of the factors that Starbucks considered before opening operations there.Starbucks is planning to continue expanding its presence in India and Asia in general. By the end this

In a culturally diverse word, the universality of human rights remains Assignment

In a culturally diverse word, the linguistic universality of humans practiceds remains unsettled. converse - Assignment ExampleThe UK has enacted several legislation that safeguard the human rights of its citizens such as the Human rights toy 1998 that introduced in to domestic law the human rights safeguarded by the international law like European group of Human Rights like the right to life, right to a fair trial, freedom of expression, right of education, freedom from thralldom and forced labour and freedom of religion. Key development was the Declaration of Human rights in 1948 by about(predicate) 50 of the United Nations member countries and subsequent ratifications by other countries. Other international conventions that followed aimed at expanding the tenet of human rights to include civil and political rights, cultural rights, sociol-economic rights and prohibition of all forms of variations (Claude and Weston, 2006). For instance, the International Covenant on econ omic, social and cultural rights was adopted in 1966 and ratified by several states. Human rights refer to the credit and respect of human dignity. Human rights entail a set of moral commandments and legal guidelines that promote and entertain the identity, values and abilities of individuals in order to enhance the standards of living (Claude and Weston, 2006). ... This paper will discuss the contents and principles of human rights, the universality versus cultural relativism of human rights and finally outline the current trend in protection of universal human rights. In the conclusion, the paper will offer a recommendation on whether universality advise exist with cultural relativism and ensure universal human rights. Contents and principles of human rights The first guiding principle of human rights is equality and non-discrimination. Non-discrimination acts as the basis of international human right law and is outlined in all the human rights treaties. International human rig hts conventions such as the International Convention on the extermination of discrimination especially racial and women discrimination requires all state governments to enact legislations that protect the citizens from such discrimination (Claude and Weston, 2006). This principle is applicable to all human beings regardless of non-exhaustive criteria that include sex, religion and other identifiable term of the individuals. According to Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human rights, all human beings are born(p) free and equality in their dignity should be respected (Talbott, 2005). The second content of human rights is mutually beneficial and indivisible nature of human rights. This principle asserts that human rights are interrelated and interdependent since enforcement of one rights leads to approach of the other rights and the ultimate increase in the general standards of living (Claude and Weston, 2006). Accordingly, civil rights such as the right to life and polit ical rights lead to equal protection by the law and fair trial. In addition, a violation of one right such as the

OnDemand Group (ODG) Strategic report Assignment

OnDemand Group (ODG) Strategic report - Assignment ExampleOnDemand Group (ODG) is a average size British planetary house, as derived from its employees about 140, as the relevant criterion is set in the explanation of medium enterprises established by the European Union authorities (Europa 2011) the firm has managed to develop a coarse network of activities orbicularly, by continuously expanding the range of its activities and by developing important agreements with competitors in foreign markets. Currently, ODG is a member of SeaChange International, a US Corporation, a fact that has enhanced the internationalisation efforts of the organization. In UK, the media and entertainment industry, in which ODG operates is highly developed in the future, the ability of the firm to face the market pressures, both in the home(a) and the external market, will be related with the success of the internationalisation process, an initiative developed by the firms managers in order to secure the competitiveness of the organization.... This view is based on the foreign rule investment theories which emphasize on the high costs usually related to the internationalisation attempts of modern organizations it is famous that these costs can be higher from the expected benefits for this reason, it is suggested that monopolistic advantages are available to firms entering the global market, in order for the deficits caused from high costs and entry barriers to be controlled (Krist 2009, p.26). On the other hand, Prashantham (2008) explains the internationalization of firms by referring to their network relations it is made clear that firms which have an expanded network of customers, suppliers or support agencies universal (Prashantham 2008, p.34) are most likely to decide entering the global market, based on this networks support. Certain firms are likely to choose internationalization in order to enter neighbouring countries these countries, usually, have convertible cult ural characteristics with the country of origin, a fact that facilitates the internationalization process. This mode of internationalization is quite common in Scandinavian firms and it is known as sequential development internationalization model (Svetlicic et al. 2003, p.11). At this point, reference should be made to the view of Jones (2009) who noted that the internationalization of a firm should be decided at an earlier phase of organizational life because in this way the expected benefits can be increased (Jones 2009, p.41). The critical review of the internationalization efforts of OnDemand Group leads to the assumption that the particular process, which has been in progress almost since the establishment of the organization, has

Critically Analyse the Claim that Humans Are Political Animals Essay

Critically Analyse the Claim that Humans Are Political Animals - Essay moralThis paper stresses that given the fact that individual human beings are not in any baffle to carry out their natively defined functions without the city-state, the so given state is thitherfore naturally precedes the individuals in every aspect. In regards to the above mentioned arguments because, it is clear that every human being or individual has the natural impulse for a community which is political especially with the consideration that the city-state was created out of the intelligence of human beings. They then end up living a political life while in nature they are animals. Man is known to have an innate proclivity to always participate in several humanity activities and deal with others in the city. Associations and other bonds are then created as men live together in partnership due to the natural tendency to interact and socialize with other men. This rpeort makes a conclusion that as much a s the several theorists try to explain the political naturalism in human beings, there is no concern or any consideration expressed on the part of the city-states groundbreaking liberalism. There is no explanation given on the freedom of individuals who participate in the city-state and protective victual for their own private life from the exposition of the entire public. Aristotles arguments and howeverification on communitarian politics gives precession to the well-being of a community. Other modernists also argue on the basis of humans being conjugal and dependent on each other and thus conclude that establishing households, interacting and socializing among individuals makes one a over(p) human being. In that case, individual liberty does not win in context of any city-state just as freedom and private ownership does not exist for animals.

Interculture communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interculture communication - Essay Example technology changes the way we reason in identity and perceive some other cultures. Technology mostly rents to movement of batch making us to come in contact with many other people of different cultures. It has been open that young adults move more often than the other generations in the process changing the individuals not excluding myself as I moved from China to the U.S and adopted a little bit of the American cultures (Lee, 2011).Demographic intercultural communication theory are derived from the recent variation in the U.S population. The changing US demographics include the population increasingly comely non-white and multiracial besides the workforce being female dominated and older. The changing immigration patterns result in immigration and economic classes. According to Lee (2011) demographic novelty results in varied world views which lead to prejudices and stereotypes though it can be a positive force in giving linguistic sizeableness and research.The economic imperative based on globalization as the US economy is connected to other countries it does little in ding business with other countries. Domestic diversity also encourages business to be attentive in to cultural variations. The peace imperative gives an insight on the role of historical, political, religions and economic contexts. roughly of the time contacts to other groups have led to conflicts. The interpersonal imperative helps us to comprehend our cultural diversity with the similarities and differences that exist in the universe.Communication is a symbolic, interpretive, transactional, contextual process in which individuals make shared meanings. Symbols ascertain the shared meanings. Interpretive as people comprehend symbolic behavior of others. Transactional because people task unneurotic create comprehension among themselves communication is a process comprising of shared meanings.Interpersonal communication involves

Why have the educational policies of both the province of Quebec and Essay

Why have the educational policies of both the province of Quebec and the First Nation people rejected the policy of mu - Essay ExampleHowever, in Quebec, functions of schools be regarded as being highly political institutions in which language legislation is used to educate politics. In different parts of Canada, both multicultural and intercultural educations are at transient phase between accommodation and incorporation. Both multicultural and intercultural policies are productive of dominating culture, specifically in Quebec, where francization is significant. The above mentioned phase is attempted to accommodate the need of other groups but yet, nonage language and cultural programs are excluded from compensatory programs.Focusing on non-political version of culture gave a symbolic brain to other ethnic groups for which the state of Quebec has showed resistance by giving rise to politicized intercultural policies. The main rejecting reason of multicultural programs in educatio n was to prevent the fall of dominance of ones own culture and identity. multicultural education is least erroneous program in present days which assures that people from different cultures wont lose their identities and culture and at the same time, it prevents the cultural and linguistic dominance of other cultures. However, multicultural education programs go away not eliminate the issue of racism from different ethnic groups nevertheless, this program will bring the different culture and groups as well as communities to accommodate each other for the bump society where everyone lives without other cultural influence in peace and

Dialect variation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dialect vicissitude - Research Paper ExampleA car park sneak make by a majority of slew is to conf intake accents with dialects by messing up with the differences between sounds people make and pronunciation and the words they use. If one has to consider grammar and vocabulary alongside pronunciation, then it is reasonable to use the term dialect. However, when discussing a dialect, an individual will commonlyfully concentrate on pronunciations. If sounds alone are what are macrocosm spoken of, then the area of study in lyric is phonology or pronunciation. Phonology is a special aspect of dialect that requires separate attention to be understood precisely (Riggle and Godsmith 38). Phonological variation is the difference in pronunciation across and within dialects, for instance, people from different countries may pronounce user-friendly with an s while people from another country pronounce it with a z. Arguably, the most common phonological difference in England is the sound of bath vowel which differs between North and Southern England populations. other example is the issue of rhoticity, relative to whether or not letter r should be sounded when it comes after a vowel (McKay Lee 70). While most Wales and England populations do not pronounce this later r, those in Lancashire and side West countries do pronounce it. Variations in phonology are important in marking regional dialects. In order to represent the pronunciations precisely, linguistics tend to use a phonetic alphabet, where distinctively mixed sounds are represented by varying symbols, instead of unphonetic English spelling systems. One sound is usually symbolized by different spellings, like the sh sound being pronounced as sh in sheep, but as ti in nation (Brown, 108). Approaches to phonological variations The well-known phonological variations are word stress and syllable structure. The main question is whether on that point are generalizations to be made in various patterns of these v ariations. For the no-pattern glide path, no attempt is made to find an overall pattern that applies to most or all words, maybe because no generalization exists (Riggle and Godsmith 40). For instance, there are no rules to determine which syllable of polysyllabic English words swallows the stress. Consequently, stress patterns are merely listed in the lexicon. Any evident statistical preferences or trends for particular patterns are likely due to historical mistakes. The norm-and-exceptions approach assumes that English has a default stress structure with four different versions namely language parameters, language typology, optimology theory, and rule-based theory. Language typology assumes a limited number of

Discussion Essay Qustion Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Discussion Qustion - Essay ExampleThese winds argon also known to reposition their directions every now and then, especially during the night. ocean and land winds are the ones we encounter on a workaday basis. These winds are not much strong when compared with Santa Ana winds (Kissell, 2011). Santa Ana winds on the other hand flows at a surmount relatively high from the surface of the earth. These winds are dry and extremely strong. Santa Ana winds are known to originate from the inland. pronounced effects of these winds bedevil been seen in the coastal regions of Southern California. Geologists have further provided that Santa Ana winds do not give birth any specific direction (Kissell, 2011).When a wind firm wants to put a new turbine, for electricity generation, they must put into consideration the direction of the wind. For the case of land and mountain winds, the turbine should be set in a manner that allows flexibility based on the direction of the wind at that specific moment. A fixed turbine may be put in place when considering Santa Ana winds as they do not have a specific direction. Situating turbines on mountainous locations may pose the problem of power evacuation and maintenance. Sea and land winds are believed to be important since they are available on flat ground/terrains (Chiras Sagrillo & Woofenden, 2010). They are thereby used in generation of electrical energy. Implementation of the local grid is also easier on flat

Environmentally sustainable business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Environmentally sustainable business - Essay Exampleo grow the concerns about social interactions between the industry and its workers, customers, partners etc (Sustainable Aviation Progress enshroud, 2009).Hence, applying Zadeks Four Stages of rationalise Maturity framework, all issues affecting an industry could be categorised into quaternity different stages namely, latent, emerging, consolidating and institutionalised (Zadek, 2004). A latent social issue is the one that exists but has not been widely known. An emerging issue is salutary catching the attention of the public but has not been fully debated or addressed. Consolidating stage finds that the issue has been recognise but this is the time to test the efficacy of the solutions for it. And such a social issue becomes institutionalised when thither are laws and regulations to guide the implementation of its solutions in the concerned industry (Zadek, 2004). Therefore, the environmental and social issues affecting the U K air power industry are tabulated as followsAll the environmental and social issues affecting UK aviation industry sketch above can be summarized into three main headings climate change issues local environmental problems and frugal and social concerns. These issues are of utmost importance in the sense that they exert huge impacts on the environments and the economic situations in the United Kingdom.However, if all these issues receive prompt and efficient responses from the aviation industry players, it will reveal their level or extent of sustainability and social responsibility in the societies.2. The Sustainable Aviation Progress Report 2009 reveals some strategic approaches taken by UK aviation players in addressing the issues hinted above. These approaches or responses can be scoop analysed using the Sustainable Value Framework model proposed by Hart and Milstein (2003). The model is made of four major quadrants as shown below There are Today, Tomorrow, Internal and Ext ernal quadrants. What this signifies is that Today

Conceptual Theoretical paper-Nursing theory Term Paper

Conceptual Theoretical -Nursing theory - Term Paper Example2). By being an art, nurses are substantially encouraged to be practically creative and resourceful in delivering services that are efficient and effective. At the same time, it is a science for nursing practice should be anchored on theory-based and conceptual bodies of clinical knowledge in ensuring that every action promotes safety and enhancement of patients health. The patients overall eudaemonia should be at the central of nursing. In line with this, nurses need to relate handicraftal knowledge into clinical practice, through theoretical and conceptual frameworks bridges, dynamically linking care between health personnel and care recipients, in consideration with environmental factors. The body of knowledge in nursing had been divided into several categories to distinguish bulks of nursing concepts constructed. Fawcett (1995 as cited in Timmins, 2005) identified hierarchical structure in nursing knowledge, where di fferent levels are join in clinical fields (1) metaparadigm (2) philosophy (3) theory (4) conceptual models. Metaparadigms are quite broad in context, which translate clinical values indicated in constructed philosophies, while theories are more specific in experiential nursing fields. Fawcett (1994 as cited in Masters, 2005) added that conceptual models, being the last, pertain to sets of nursing abstracts and propositions that are meaningfully interconnected for valid reference in nursing disciplines. One of the fundamental bases in modern nursing profession is the theory created by Florence Nightingale. Her philosophical concepts are simple in construct, though, it primarily stabilized how nurses act in deference to patient interaction. In her environmental model for nurses, Nightingale proposed that elements discover in environment sight have a significant impact on patients health conditions (Butts & Rich, 2010). The model substantially linked tierce important entities to gether the patient, nurses, and their environment. Her meta paradigm in Figure 1 (please see Appendix A), showed these three factors that whitethorn influence outcomes in health, where emphasis can be made on the nature present in the environment that can be manipulated, such as conditions in light and temperature, nutritional intake, hygienic provisions, and randy support as essential in providing dynamic nursing services (Masters, 2005). At this point, health packaging and disease prevention seemed at the heart of Nightingales environmental model, as largely observed in current priorities in modern day nursing practice. On the basis of Nightingales philosophical proposition, her conceptions on how to deliver nursing services may be too broad in specific nursing fields, but clinical areas can benefit from environmental modification emphasis in her mode. As affirmed by Alligood and Marriner-Tomey (2006), nursing models bridge the gap between professional knowledge and practices, a s its communicative quality translates knowledge base into clinical actions. In application, the said metaparadigm can be generated in preventing hospital-acquired bacterial transmission in urinary tract infection (UTI). According to several reports, hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections compose or so 40% of cases, where majority (80%) had been contracted during indwelling urethral catheter use (Nicolle, 2007, p. 251). The alarming rate of infection transmission from health care providers to care recipients

Forces of magnetism accreditation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Forces of magnetism accreditation - Essay ExampleThe magnet Recognition Program was built on five components that are used as the standard for recognizing glorious nursing misgiving in the health industry. The five components are 1. transformational leadership, 2. structural empowerment, 3. exemplary overlord practice, 4. saucily knowledge, innovation, and improvements, and empirical superior results. These five areas are used to recognize quality care, nursing excellence, and innovations in professional nursing.The Joint explosive charge is an accreditation that is aimed at continuously improving health care for the public, in collaboration with early(a) stakeholders, by evaluating health care organizations and aspiring them to excel in providing safe and effective care of the highest quality and value, (http//en.wikipedia.org/Joint_Commission, 2011). The Joint Commission seeks to continuously improve the safety and quality of care provided to the public through the homewor k of health care accreditation and related services that support performance improvement in health care organizations.The main difference between the Magnet Recognition Program and the Joint Commission is that the Joint Commission is more of an accreditation process that requires the health professional goes through a strenuous survey every 3 years. The Magnet Recognition Program is viewed more as a recognition program to award hard-working professionals in the nursing

Linkedin Essay Example for Free

Linkedin EssayWhat is the LinkedIn website, what service(s) does it append? (3 marks) Its a serious business social networking website. It provide resume-posting by more than 100 million professionals and corporate types. 2. What was LinkedIns Net profit Margin in 2010? (1 mark) $243-million revenue, profit $15. 4-million 3. why are their concerns about the future potential growth in the number of LinkedIn drug holdr? 3) -The company acknowledges that the number of its registered members is higher than the number of actual members because some members start out multiple registrations, other members have died or become incapacitated, and others may have registered under fictitious names -LinkedIn stated that we do non have a reliable system to accurately identify the number of actual members more of the users use Facebook more often than LinkedIn, if they dont raise the frequency to increase the times to visit their site, whence it might become a problem in terms of profits an d stock price. .What is the major number one wood of their expected -220 times profit-per-share price of $32-$35? (2) -from 2009 to 2010, revenue increased by 102 % and income increased by 487 %. -The audience that already spans much of corporate North America. 5. Who generate most of the sites revenue? Why do they use the LinkedIn website? (3) -LinkedIn brings in most of its money from corporations that use LinkedIn as a recruiting or trade tool. which companies can use the user profiles to identify both active and passive job candidate, are cheaper than tralatitious recruiting firms. 6. Approximately how much capital is LinkedIn trying to raise? What will it be used for? (3) -IPO valuation of $3-billion - commit heavily in product development -aggressively expand its field sales staff 7. Would you present in LinkedIn shares?Why or why not? (3) -probably no, lthough Its a unique concept compare to other s ocial net working website, however, all these facts stating that th e company isnt doing very well in the article. The risks in raising their number of users, major competition like Facebook and Google. Down side benefit for new-sprung(prenominal) investors, that will have minimal voice in the companys governance, since they plan to maintain a dual-class voting structure, and forecasted a net loss for 2011 of unspecified size. All these facts show that maybe its not the right time to invest in the company yet.

Sherif 1954 Essay Example for Free

Sherif 1954 EssayAim To memorise the origin of prejudice arising from the formation of neighborly radicalsSherif carried out research into throngs, leadership and the effect assemblys had on attitudes and demeanor. The Robbers cave Study built upon his previous work. He public opinion that social behaviour could non be hit the books properly by looking at individuals in isolation. He recognised how social organisation differs amid cultures and affects group practices, so he claimed that groups have to be understood as part of a social structure. The Robbers Cave Study used cardinal groups of unripe boys to find how the groups actual if and how conflict among the groups arose and how to shrink any much(prenominal) friction. Three terms defined according to Sherif aresmall group individuals sell a common cultivation that fosters interaction individuals are affected divergently by being in a group an in-group develops with its own hierarchy and a stick of no rms is standardised norm a product of group interaction that regulates member behaviour in terms of expected or ideal behaviour group a social unit with a number of individuals who are interdependent and have a set of norms and values for self regulation individuals have roles within the unitProcedure22 young boys, aged 11, who did not know individually other prior to the study. All from Protestant Oklahoma families to forefend family problems and match the kids as much as possible. They were also matched based on a rating, including their IQ, from their teachers and were finally reassessed and matched , including issues such as sporting ability, before the taste began. A nominal fee was charged for the children to attend the campground and they were not informed that they were being used for a piece of research in order to draw true resultsThe CampThe experiment is called the Robbers Cave Study because it took place in a camp at Robbers Cave State Park, Oklahoma. The locatio n was a 200-acre Boy Scouts of America camp completely surrounded by the State Park. The site was isolated and keeping the ii groups apart (at eldest) was easy because of the layout of the site, as shown in the platData Collection in that location was a wide range of data collection methodsobserver actor observer allocated to each group for 12 hours a day sociometric analysis issues such as association patterns were noted and studied experiment boys had to collect beans and estimate how many each boy had collected show recordings words and phrases used to describe their own group were studied The observers were trained not to influence the boys decisions except to help them once a decision was reachedThree order ExperimentThe two groups were formed and set up norms and hierarchies (to see how they became in-groups) The two groups were introduced and competition was set up, as a tournament (to test for friction, name-calling and aggressiveness to the out-group) The two g roups were set goals that they needed each other to achieve Stage 1 in-group formationThe two groups were kept apart for one week to help the formation of group norms and relations. They had to work as a group to achieve common goals that required cooperation. Data was ga at that placed by observation, including rating of emerging relationships, sociometric measures and experimental judgements. Status positions and roles in the groups were studied. There is much detail just about how hierarchies within each group developed. The measurements were thought to be both valid and reliable because different data collection methods produced similar results. For example, in the bean-collecting task, the boys tended to overrate the number of beans their own group members had collected and underestimate the number collected by the other group (the number of beans was actually the same).Stage 2 inter-group relations, the friction phaseAfter the first week, the two groups were told about one another and a tournament was set up with competitive activities. Points could be earned for the group and there were rewards. As soon as they heard about each other, the two groups became hostile. They wanted to childs act each other at baseball, so they effectively set up their own tournament, which was what the researchers wanted.The aim of the experiment was to make one group frustrated because of the other group, to see if negative attitudes developed. Adjectives and phrases were recorded to see if they were uncomplimentary and behaviour was observed as previously. The researchers introduced the collecting the beans experiment the boys had to collect beans and then judge how many each boy had collected. This was to see if the boys overestimated the abilities of the in-group members and minimised the abilities of the out-group members. As was mentioned before, this was the case.Stage 3 inter-group relations, the integrationThe researchers wanted to achieve harmony mingled wit h the two groups, which they did by introducing superordinate goals. This meant that the groups would have to work together to achieve the goals. At first, they introduced tasks that simply brought the two groups together so that they could communicate. They then introduced the superordinate goals, which includedfixing the urine tank and pump when the water supply was threatened a truck that would not counterbalance, so they had to pull together to canvas and start it pooling resources so that they could afford a film that they all wanted to watch The researchers measured the use of uncomplimentary terms and used observation and rating of stereotyping.ResultsStage 1 in-group formationBy the end of the first Stage, the boys had given themselves names the Rattlers and the Eagles. The groups developed similarly, that this was expected due to how carefully they had been matched. Any differences present were most likely due to the different decisions they had to make based on their cabins being located in different areas. For both groups, status positions were settled over days five and six of the first week, and a evanesce group leader was in place.The Rattlers often discussed the situation of the Eagles, saying things such as They had better not be swimming in our swimming hole. Although the Eagles did not refer to the Rattlers so often, they wanted to play a competition game with them. It seems that even only knowing another group existed was enough curtilage for repulsion to develop, even though neither group had been introduced yet.Stage 2 inter-group relations, the friction phaseAs soon as the groups found out about each other, they wanted to play baseball in a group competition and so both groups had naturally moved onto Stage 2. The Rattlers were excited, and discussed such issues such as protecting their flag. The Eagles werent as excited, but made such comments as we will play out them. The Eagle selected as baseball captain for the baseball comp etition became the group leader of the Eagles for all of Stage 2, even though he was not the group leader at the end of Stage 1.When the two groups first met, there was a lot of name calling. There is evidence collected, including what the boys said, who they were friends with and practical issues (such as the vehement of a flag). It was found that there were clearly negative attitudes towards the out-group members.Stage 3 inter-group relations, the integrationDuring the initial contacts of this Stage, the hostility remained. There were comments such as ladies first and when they watched a group movie together, they sat separated in their individual groups. After seven contact activities, there were superordinate goals set up1 The staff turned off the valve to the water pump and placed two large boulders over it. The children were informed that vandals had alter it in the past. They worked together to fix the damage and rejoiced in common when they were successful2 The second goa l was to watch a movie together, but both groups had to chip in to pay for it. They eventually agree to go halves even though one group had fewer members than the others. However, this agreement showed that the two groups cooperated to arrive at one final decision which they both were happy with3 The boys all went on an organised offset to Cedar Lake, where the truck suddenly developed a problem meaning the boys had to use the tug-of-war rope to try and pull it out and get it startedIt was noticeable how friendships differed between Stage 2 and 3. More out-group members were chosen as friends by the end of Stage 3, which is evidence that friction was reduced by the superordinate goals outlined.ConclusionsMost of the hypotheses contrive forward by the researchers at the beginning of the study were confirmed. Some of the conclusions drawn from the experiment includeThe groups developed social hierarchies and group norms, even though they were not stable throughout the study Each gro up had a clear leadership structure by the end of the first week When the two groups chance for competition, in-group solidarity and cooperation increases and inter-group hostility is strong People tend to overestimate the abilities of their own group members and to minimise the abilities of out-group members Contact between two groups is not enough to reduce hostility When groups needed to work together, exchanged tools, shared responsibilities and hold how to solve problems, friction was reduced working towards a superordinate goal once was not sufficient, there needed to be numerous cooperation tasks to achieve thisEvaluationStrengthsThere were controls, such as the careful ingest and the briefing observers so they all followed the same procedures, this meant that cause-and-effect conclusions could be drawn more justifiably than when observing naturally-occurring groups There were several data collection methods and the findings agreed, so validity was claimed for example, d erogatory behaviour and recordings found derogatory remarks against the out-group The group conflict could be seen as prejudice reduction of friction would be reducing the prejudice, therefore the study has a practical applicationWeaknessesIt was unethical in the sense that there was no informed take to obtained, there was no right to withdraw for the participants (also, the boys parents were not allowed to visit to prevent them feeling homesick but this meant they could not check on their childrens welfare) It was hard to generalise to other situations because the sample was restricted to boys with a specific background

Tyger Anthology Poem Essay Example for Free

Tyger Anthology Poem moveThe poem begins with the speaker asking a fearsome tiger what kind of divine being could kick in created it What immortal hand or eye/ Could frame they fearful symmetry? Each subsequent stanza contains get along questions, all of which refine this first one. From what part of the cosmos could the tigers fiery eyes take up come, and who would have actd to handle that fire? What sort of somatic presence, and what kind of dark craftsmanship, would have been require to deviate the sinews of the tigers heart?The speaker wonders how, once that horrible heart began to beat, its creator would have had the fortitude to continue the job. Comparing the creator to a blacksmith, he ponders round the anvil and the furnace that the project would have required and the smith who could have wielded them. And when the job was done, the speaker wonders, how would the creator have felt? Did he smile his belong to see? Could this possibly be the same being who m ade the lamb? FormThe poem is comprised of six quatrains in rhymed couplets. The meter is regular and rhythmic, its hammering beat suggestive of the smithy that is the poems central image. The simplicity and neat proportions of the poems form perfectly suit its regular structure, in which a eviscerate of questions all contri plainlye to the articulation of a single, central estimation. Commentary The opening question enacts what will be the single dramatic gesture of the poem, and each subsequent stanza elaborates on this conception.Blake is building on the conventional idea that nature, like a work of art, must in some way contain a verbalism of its creator. The tiger is strikingly beautiful yet also horrific in its content for violence. What kind of a divinity, then, could or would design such a terrifying beast as the tiger? In more(prenominal) general terms, what does the undeniable existence of evil and violence in the world tell us about the nature of God, and what does it mean to live in a world w present a being can at once contain both beauty and horror?The tiger initially appears as a strikingly sensuous image. However, as the poem progresses, it takes on a symbolic character, and comes to embody the spiritual and moral worry the poem explores perfectly beautiful and yet perfectly destructive, Blakes tiger becomes the symbolic center for an investigating into the presence of evil in the world. Since the tigers remarkable nature exists both in personal and moral terms, the speakers questions about its origin must also encompass both visible and moral dimensions.The poems series of questions repeatedly ask what sort of physical creative capacity the fearful symmetry of the tiger bespeaks assumedly only a very strong and powerful being could be capable of such a reality. The smithy represents a traditional image of artistic creation present Blake applies it to the divine creation of the natural world. The forging of the tiger suggests a very physical, laborious, and deliberate kind of reservation it emphasizes the awesome physical presence of the tiger and precludes the idea that such a creation could have been in any way accidentally or haphazardly produced.It also continues from the first description of the tiger the vision of fire with its simultaneous connotations of creation, purification, and destruction. The speaker stands in awe of the tiger as a sheer physical and aesthetic achievement, even as he recoils in horror from the moral implications of such a creation for the poem addresses not only the question of who could make such a creature as the tiger, but who would perform this act. This is a question of creative responsibility and of will, and the poet carefully includes this moral question with the consideration of physical power.Note, in the third stanza, the parallelism of shoulder and art, as well as the fact that it is not practiced the body but also the heart of the tiger that is being forged. The r epeated use of word the dare to replace the could of the first stanza introduces a dimension of aspiration and willfulness into the sheer might of the creative act. The reference point to the lamb in the penultimate stanza reminds the reader that a tiger and a lamb have been created by the same God, and raises questions about the implications of this. It also invites a contrast between the perspectives of experience and innocence represented here and in the oem The Lamb. The Tyger consists entirely of unanswered questions, and the poet leaves us to awe at the complexity of creation, the sheer magnitude of Gods power, and the inscrutability of divine will. The perspective of experience in this poem involves a sophisticated acknowledgment of what is unaccountable in the universe, presenting evil as the prime example of something that cannot be denied, but will not stand pat facile explanation, either. The open awe of The Tyger contrasts with the easy confidence, in The Lamb, of a c hilds innocent religion in a benevolent universe.

But These Things Also Essay Example for Free

But These Things Also EssayBut these amours also brings to the meat of attention what has previously overlooked, as Judy Kend alone writes. doubting doubting Thomas explores his fascination with the unimportant in this poesy and looks at the connection and merging together of Spring and Winter. Much like his other poetry, here, Thomas struggles to put his digit on precisely what he means. This is shown by his inability to separate and distinguish between the both seasons.The metrical composition begins with the first two lines focussing on Spring, however, by following this with two lines focussing on Winter, Thomas explodes our first expectations of usual spring poetry of bright and beautiful realizes. Instead, he catches the limbo between the two seasons and we ar presented with the idea of the grass being long dead and greyer now. This pessimistic sound is non what one usually connotes with springtime, but with the cold and bleak overwinter. By putting the images of the two seasons so limiting together in this stanza, Thomas reinforces his presentation of their connection. The last line of the stanza, than all the winter it was, changes the natural sentence structure of the backchats.The stress focuses of it was, emphasising what has past, which creates a sense of longing, introducing the idea that, like in March, Thomas is desperate to square off the key the last two lines of the first stanza finish with the intelligence agencys now and was, bringing together images of the exertion of time and emphasising the gap between the present and the past and importantly, Thomass focus on that gap.The fleck stanza uses inscape to look at things, which are countmingly unimportant. These things show the remains of winter, therefore connecting the seasons further. Once again, Thomas alters the sentence structure of the words to create a more beautified image. The word bleached would usually have a a lot more negative connotation of fading and pe rhaps even the loss of hope, however By placing the word at the end of the first line and after the word little he takes away the moroseness of the sound and makes it more delicate and gentle. As well as this, Tomass use of enjambement stresses the wacky L sounds in the shell of the little snail, which further emphasises the smoothness of the words. Following this, the sexural pause middle(prenominal) along thesecond line, highlights the plosive sounds on the image of the chip of flint.This draws our attention to the minute details, which Thomas considers and accentuates the signs that spring is not quite here yet. By observing nature in this much detail, we see how valuable Thomas considers it to be, it creates a sense that although these things are small and often overlooked, they are significant. The final image in this stanza is of the purest white bird dung. At first it appears odd to be beautifying such a thing as bird dung, but by following it with the words purest white, Thomas introduces an idea of honor and positivity, as well as a contrast with the previous image of something greyer now. This brief glistening of hope however, is shattered in the next stanza.In stanza three, the image of white no longer has controlling connotations, but it feels as if Thomas could be referring to the relationship between the colour white and death. This instantly darkens the tone and the notion of mistaking bird dung for violets presents the idea that Thomas is truly desperate for any trace of springs arrival. The following violent images of winters ruins and winters debts create an oppressive feeling which moves further from the previous idea of hope. Continuing the pattern of Thomass other poetry, the word something appears ambiguous and vague, creating a sense that Thomas still isnt quite clear on what it is we are paying winters debts with.The final stanza of But these things also begins to fill us with hope erst more. The chattering birds create a sense of rising morale and the idea of keeping their spirits up sounds optimistic. Despite this, when we eventually think that Thomas is going to make a definitive statement, springs here he reintroduces the feeling of ambiguity with the words winters not gone. This leaves the poem with a sense of not knowing and uncertainty. This reminds us of Thomass tendency to never seduce absolutes and that he likes balancing a positive idea with a negative. This paradox leaves us with the idea that the winter is preventing the spring from arriving.Throughout the poem, there is a regular rhythm, given by the IambicTetrameter, which is occasionally emasculated to show the indecisive and unclear seasons. There is never a climax during this poem due to it all being one long sentence. Roberts talks about Thomass use of enjambment and fluidity, which gives a sense of him thinking and working through his thoughts.

The Schlesinger Polls and the Reasons behind the Change Essay Example for Free

The Schlesinger Polls and the Reasons behind the Change EssayAmericans love to take survey. They rank everything from Hollywood scandals to insects, and they often reflect the state of mind of the American people at the time of the ranking. This propensity for whimsey polls has been carried over to the equally American love of criticizing the government and the people in it, especially Presidents. maven just without delay has to turn on the television to watch spoofs about George W. Bush to get an idea of this. presidential ranking was begun by historian Arthur Schlesinger whom in 1948 polled 55 scholars. He took a sulphur poll in 1962 in which 34th president Dwight D. Eisenhower placed twenty-second, a pocketable over year after his second term of president. What is interesting to note that when son Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. , following in his fathers footsteps took an other(a)(prenominal) poll in 1996, Eisenhower placed 10th. Prior to this 1996 poll, other polls showed a s imilar tendency to advance Eisenhower in the presidential rankings, with 2000 C-SPAN Poll placing him at ninth place. (Watson and Berger) This paper will provide some insights into the come-at-able reasons for these shifts in opinions in the subject of Eisenhower from a historical perspective.I. Brief background on Eisenhower Dwight David Eisenhower, popularly referred to as Ike was born in Texas in 1890, the 3rd of s pull down boys. He was brought up in Abilene Kansas and was a atomic number 74 Point graduate who became stationed in Texas as a second lieutenant where he met and married Mamie geneva Doud. (Dwight D. Eisenhower) Ike was an excellent staff man, rapidly rising in the Army ranks under generals much(prenominal)(prenominal) as washstand J. Pershing, Douglas MacArthur, and Walter Krueger.His performance as supreme commander over the NATO forces in 1951 led to his nomination as commonwealth presidential candidate, with the slogan I like Ike leading him to the White put up. (Dwight D. Eisenhower) A successful soldier and soldiers leader, Ike nevertheless negotiated for peace whenever possible. The Cold War was escalating except he negotiated for better relations with the Soviet marriage ceremony from a position of military say-so, an effort undermined by the death of Stalin in 1953. In the same year, Ike sign a truce which rough armed peace in South Korea.In further efforts to catch up with with the Soviets, Ike invited Nikita Khrushchev to the Presidents Camp David retreat in Marylands Catoctin Mountains to discuss Khrushchevs demands for Western allies to get out of Berlin. Kruschchev did train to lift his ultimatum, which positive response was cut short in 1960 when the Russians shot down an American U-2 espy plane. (Eisenhower soldier of peace) It led to public humiliation for Ike, but it emphasized his desire to maintain dry land peace. He developed his atoms for peace program which was designed to develop uranium for peaceful use s.He in addition urged conservative military spending, pushing for enough military strength to ensure national security fleck monitoring potentially dangerous military spending policies. (Dwight D. Eisenhower) It was during his second term that he issue orders to mingle schools, a significant landmark in the civil rights movement, which was also carried out in the Armed Forces. He declared that There must be no second class citizens in this country. Ike was chronically ill, but he was a vigorous man and when he finally succumbed on March 28, 1969, he was roughly 80 years old.(Dwight D. Eisenhower) His popularity was such that he could have run for a third term if he wanted two and if the 22nd Amendment prevented him from doing so. (Eisenhower Soldier of Peace) II. Criticisms Despite his popularity during his two terms, Ike was constantly being criticized by political analysts for his middle-ground stance and was characterized as a caretaker president who did not really get much done. (Watson and Berger) In fact, in the 1970s Ikes presidency characterized as the Eisenhower doll You wind it up and it does nothing for 8 years. With the myopia of near history, many believed that Ike concentrated on keeping the status quo in military, neighborly and sparing issues. Of particular damage was his handling of Senator Joseph McCarthy, who was condemned for his extreme anti-communist views and what is termed a witch hunt for Soviet spies within the government. (Ansary) I am convinced that the way for me to defeat Senator McCarthy is to ignore him, Eisenhower noted in a personal memoranda in April 1953. (Eisenhower soldier of peace) He was seen uninvolved and ineffective in the day-to-day running of the country.He often delegated such decisions to his aides and advisors and was widely considered to spend most of his days in pleasurable pursuits such as golf, social functions and vacations. Politically, he was aloof and he made no secret of the fact that he disli ked politics and politicians, and made many decisions which made him politically vulnerable. He once said that the only thing successful politicians had in common was that they married above themselves. (qtd. in Madonna and Young) The 1961 Time time article The Debits enumerated some of the specific issues.Ike was said to have been ineffectual to implement a workable elicit program, resulting in an annual $9 billion cost of price supports and food storage, from the $1. 5 billion at the end of Harry Trumans term. The tax policies were also criticized because Ike showed no interest in reforming outdated, piecemeal tax jurisprudences, preferring to concentrate on balancing the federal budget and reducing debt. His failure to promote the rule of law in his foreign policy and practical politics that would make him politically viable was also attacked.It is suggested that such criticisms stemmed from Ikes belief that in his dual role as spot of state (which unifies and symbolizes th e nation) and head of government (political decision maker), the former should be prominent while the latter should be hidden, a disposal course now referred to as the hidden hand presidency. (Madonna and Young) It also explained why in 1962, Ike ranked 22nd of 35 presidents despite his apparent popularity and military hero status. III. DiscussionThe up fightd revision on Ikes poll ranking may fountainhead be due to what is referred to as hindsight. Many of his policies made little sense to his contemporaries and the public during his two terms. However, later events proved that Ike was a man who was much than he appeared to be, and that his policies had a sound basis. Ike was first and foremost a military man. He realized from his campaigns that military eagerness was crucial to a nations security, and took great pains to ensure that the state of military strength during his presidency was adequate.However, he was also a staff man, so he was aware of the potential dangers ass ociated with get rid of military spending and took steps to ensure that there was balance between necessity and spending. His knowledge of war would also account for his efforts to avoid it breaking out as much as possible. As a soldier and campaign strategist, Ike had to deal with the casualties and collateral damages of war, and sought peace with justice (The Debits).He was unable to prevent the Cold War from escalating or the Cuban missile crisis that bore fruition in Kennedys term with such disastrous results, but he never stopped trying, an attitude which recent anti-war purview fully supports. Because he was a soldier, Ike probably loathed admitting physical weakness, but later accounts both from his personal memoirs and from other sources revealed that Ike suffered from several, severe health crises associated with gastrointestinal problems and heart disease.It was little known at the time, but Ikes health gave him a lot of trouble, and he was said to have suffered anywher e up to 7 cardiac episodes. However, because this was not widely known at the time, his recuperative periods were misinterpreted by his critics as part and parcel of his caretaker governing policy. In particular, his 12-day stay in the presidential retreat in Key West from December 28, 1955 to January 8, 1956 was illustrative of how lot could be grossly misleading. Far from being on a repairing lease, Ikes visitors and schedule showed how hard we worked even when he was supposed to be resting.(Madonna and Young Watson and Berger) It was this as well as other documentary grounds that was later revealed which showed how much more deeply Ikes hidden hand was in the various pies in political decision making and policy formulation, although his aim was to provide general policy guidelines than specific policies. Scholars now concede that Ike had a good grasp of most situations and made sound decisions that allowed him to keep his options open and in so far enabled him to act decisivel y when necessary. (Madonna and Young)It is well to consider as well that of the presidents three had great military reputations in actual war prior to ascending to the presidency and subsequently consistently ranked high in the polls. These were Washington, Jackson and Theodore Roosevelt. A fourth was Eisenhower, whose 1962 below average ranking was revised in later polls. This would attend to indicate that those who were great military prowess were likely to become good presidents when they are elected into office. term their styles of governing are widely divergent, they were all practical and sensible decision makers in times of crisis.(Schlesinger) In Ikes case, he chose to be relatively low profile in such decisions. potty doyen in his 2001 article Ranking presidents utter nonsense or useful analysis? points out that polls such as the ones undertaken by the Schlesingers were without any consistent basis for the criteria used by the surveyed scholars. Even with efforts to b ench mark the results, the results remain largely subjective and vague, making it difficult to provide comparisons within the polls as well as between polls. The fact that it was a survey of scholars it was by no means a expression of the general publics opinion of Ikes presidency.In fact, Ike was very popular when he unexpended office and retained the admiration of the public as a man of integrity, strength and modesty. (Dwight David Eisenhower) However, in the case of Dwight Eisenhower, existing documents and later events do seem to provide a basis for his rise in the polls. It may well be that the 1962 Schlesinger Sr. poll and the 1996 Schlesinger Jr. poll is an accurate reflection of the political and social climate of the respective time period. IV. Conclusion It has been said that one can miss the forest for the trees in retrospect, it seems clear now that Ikes politically unpopular centrist image was deliberate.It allowed him to move silently international from the limelig ht to make crucial policy and political decisions. Because he had projected himself as an ineffective president, he was able to put his policies forward without being targeted by his critics of being its author. Despite the criticisms, Ike retained his popularity, no interrogative as a result of his war record, his subsequent pacifist attitude as president and his widely known dislike of political posturing. In retrospect, he was more effective for his hidden hand style of governing than was initially suspected, as evidenced by the 1996 poll undertaken by Schlesinger Jr., considered a more accurate reflection than that of his fathers 1962 survey. Works Cited Dwight D. Eisenhower. The White House. 6 November 2007 http//www. whitehouse. gov/history/presidents/de34. html. Dwight David Eisenhower. Findarticles. 2005. 6 November 2007 http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_gx5221/is_2005/ai_n19136311/print. Eisenhower Soldier of Peace. Time. 4 April 1969. 6 November 2007 http//www. tim e. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,839998-9,00. html. Ikes Presidential Legacy. Eisenhower Memorial Commission. 6 November 2007 http//www. eisenhowermemorial. org/legacyreport/presidential-legacy.htm. The Debits. Time. com. 27 January 1961. 6 November 2007 http//www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,826765,00. html. Ansary, Tamin. Who Was the Greatest President? Encarta. MSN. com 2007. 6 November 2007 http//encarta. msn. com/encnet/features/columns/? article=greatestpresident. Dean, John Ranking presidents Utter Nonsense or Useful Analysis? FindLaw. 11 May 2001. 6 November 2007 http//writ. news. findlaw. com/ dean/20010511. html. Madonna, G. Terry Young, Michael. Why George Bush Should Like Ike. Real Clear Politics. 19 October 2007. 5 November 2007 http//www. realclearpolitics.com/articles/2007/10/why_george_bush_should_like_ik. html. Murphy, Arthur. Evaluating the Presidents of the join States. Presidential Studies Quarterly 14 (1984) 117-126. Schlesinger, Arthur Jr . Rating the Presidents Washington to Clinton. Political Science Quarterly 11. 2 (Summer 1997) 179-90. Watson, Robert Berger, Dale. Reconsidering Ikes Health and Legacy A Surprising Lesson in Duty at the Little White House Residential Retreat. The Eisenhower Institute. Gettysburg College. 6 November 2007 http//www. eisenhowerinstitute. org/publications/opinions__editorials/Watson_Berger_Reconsidering. dot.

Diversity in instructional methods toward meaningful learning Essay Example for Free

miscellanea in instructional methods toward significant tuition EssayAbstract There is diversity in instructional methods that t from each oneers can use to bring somewhat meaningful schooling. This paper discusses five of them namely integrated enquiry approach, 5- standard of interrogative, the jig-sawing approach, bureau playing and WebQuest. These instructional methods argon learner centered methods that consider prior association, attitude and skills and c each(prenominal) down development of late knowledge and relate them to a variety of contexts.All of them besides deal with real-life situations that fundamentally develop interpersonal relationships, problem-solving skills and capability-knowledge among others. The teachers tasks atomic number 18 to plan and carry out efficiently the instructional designs to have meaningful acquisition among diverse learners, instructional methods and acquire environments. renewal in Instructional Methods Toward significa nt erudition Diversity is an essential ingredient of success of all ventures in life including education.There be different kinds of learners as at that place ar teachers, instructional methods and breeding environments but there is provided one goal in education and this is for an effective and meaningful learning. Teachers should set environments for disciples so they could think deprecatively and independently and relate new knowledge learned with a variety of contexts for meaningful learning. It is the task of the teachers to match the learners, the learning environments, the knowledge to be learned and the instructional methods.Learning meaningfully means that learners relate new knowledge to what they already know. Meaningful learning is non-arbitrary, non-verbatim, substantive deliberate effort to link new knowledge with higher order concepts in cognitive structures. It is a learning related to experiences with events or objects and affective commitment to relate new knowledge with prior learning. The diverse instructional designs towards meaningful learning should identify outcomes, guide the development of instruction content and establish its effectiveness.Efforts to consider meaningful learning in the different stages of instructional design are essential. Gagne et al. (1992) identify the different stages of instructional designs as defining instructional goals conducting instructional analysis identifying entry behaviours and learner characteristics exploitation performance objectives selecting an instructional method assembling instructional materials and planning setive and summative evaluations.He and his colleagues hike up cited that current educational theory and researches support the use of instructional methods that make students active learners. Among the diverse instructional methods available to teachers to explore and use, the commonly employ approach towards construction of new knowledge meaningfully are the problem based l earning and inquiry approach, cooperative learning, and technology strategies. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, but when apply effectively can maximize learning.Problem-Based and Inquiry Approach Students in the problem-based and learning inquiry approach engulf in meaningful learning by being actively involved in their own learning and reconstructing these based on their experiences. They further participate in active investigation, to a greater extent of integrating knowledge rather than separating them so that deep reasonableness develop from acquisition of new facts. In this method, students are given germane(predicate) problems by teachers which inquiry must be done.The general steps in this inquiry approach are identifying the problems, gathering of data, organizing the data in attempt to analyse the problems and analyses of the strategies to use to solve the problems. Integrated Inquiry In the Integrated Inquiry planning process, a model o f inquiry approach developed by K. Murdoch, sequences of activities and experiences are developed to build on and challenge student perceptions. These sequences begin with students prior knowledge and experiences and move through deliberate processes wherein that knowledge is extended, challenged and refined.Students have their own prior experiences that they bring to their classes and teachers should be aware of how to address this situation. Activities and learning experiences in this model are gatheringed as tuning on, finding out, sorting out, going further, devising conclusions and taking actions (Murdoch, 1999). Furthermore, planning for assessment is a very important element of planning for Integrated Inquiry. Murdoch (1999) highlights the indigence for the collection and analysis of information about what and the how students have learned.The assessment in the Integrated Inquiry model is to determine how to improve student learning as these new information help teachers mo dify their plans of add to suit the needs of the learners. Students involvement in planning for assessment as in selecting responses to particular learning experiences and designing demonstrations of understanding are highly encouraged. Therefore, teachers are also tasked to identify and design learning experiences that will provide information for assessment purposes.The strengths of this model are focussed on assessment of learning in context and encouraging a variety of demonstrations of understanding based on the learning experiences that students undertake. Learners that may usefulness most from this Integrated Inquiry Approach are those capable of setting goals in their own learning and significantly contribute in determining how assessment could be effectively done. 5-E Model In the bear Activities for Teaching Science as Inquiry by Carin, Bass Contant (2005) many laboratory investigations were cited as inquiry approach to learning.They focused on the 5-E Instructional Mo del with the five main components identified as Engagement, Exploration, Explanation, exponentiation and Evaluation. Each of these components is learner-centred. This investigatory method maybe time and resource consuming but it allows the learners to develop critical thinking and problem solving skills experientially. The use of this method is not limited to teaching sciences, which are considered to be not very easy subjects. This experiential learning brings more opportunities for learners to bring forth better understanding and longer retention of knowledge learned.Cooperative Learning Cooperative learning is an instructional method that takes push through in a small free radical of learners of different levels of ability and in environments of responsibility not only for their own understanding of the subject but also for his co-learners. It brings more meaning to learning because it provides shared cognitive sets of information between students, motivating them to learn the materials, ensuring that they construct their own knowledge, providing formative feedback, developing social and throng skills necessary for success outside the classroom.Cooperative leaning promotes learning and academic achievement, increases retention and satisfaction with their learning experiences among students, helps develop skills in oral parley, social skills, promotes student self-esteem and fosters mutual responsibility. Although this method helps students learn to be more patient, less critical and more compassionate, some students may find difficulty with this method. Students who work but find difficulty in sharing answers while aggressive students will tend to take everyplace and brighter students to act superior to the rest.Teachers who will employ cooperative should prepare their students how to work in groups for this method to be successful. Jig Sawing Approach The Jig Sawing Approach is a cooperative learning strategy wherein students becomes an expert in a particular area, then shares his or her learning knowledge with other members of the group that eventually all members of the group learn the concepts. In the Modified Jigsaw, the class is divided into equal expert groups, with each of these groups working on isolated portions of the activity.Once each expert group has completed the tasks, they report their findings as group to the class. Group report allows for greater flexibility in student presentation style and prevents the possibility of circumstantially misrepresentation of information (Beaudrie et al. 1998). This method best suits heterogenous learners crossways disciplines. It provides opportunities for learners to show various competencies. Moreover, students are more comfortable to exchange ideas with their co-learners because of their dynamic open relationship. Role playing Another instructional method of liaison is fictitious character playing.It also deals with solving problems but through actions. In role playing, problems are identified, explored through actions and discussed. The students stimulant drug in their role playing their prior knowledge, values and attitudes. A role-playing strategy seems to work best when there are multiple correct approaches to solving problems. It encourages thinking and creativity to develop and practice new behaviours in non-threatening setting. It provides opportunities for students to explore further their feelings gain more insights about their attitudes and also enhance their problem solving skills.It also promotes effective interpersonal relations. The learning in these role playing activities are meaningful as they are retained longer and hoped to be of use to the real life of the learners. Terms which are used, often interchangeably with role playing are simulation, game, role-play, simulation-game, role-play simulation, and role-playing game. Role playing dynamically promotes effective interpersonal relationships and social proceedings among learne rs. Technology Supported Approach Technology provides a set of tool for addressing the issues on improving student learning.These issues are of providing more of learners time on authentic, challenging tasks with rich contexts with emphasis on multi-disciplinarity changing of role of teachers to facilitators of knowledge that guide students and learn along with them students working in an environment of more cooperative relationships that encourages communication and access to real-world examples towards the development of learning communities and with greater emphasis placed on reflective thinking and productivity with the understanding that students will preform their tasks differently and have different task-relevant skills ( Grabe and Grabe, 2004).WebQuest WebQuest, the model developed by Bernie Dodge, is an inquiry-oriented lesson format in which most or all the information that learners work with comes from the web. WebQuests is most often a group activity in a library or dis tance education setting. It may be intensify by wrapping motivational elements around the basic structure by giving the learners a role to play, simulated personae to interact with via e-mail, and a scenario to work within. They can be designed within a individual discipline or they can be interdisciplinary (Dodge, 1997). The WebQuest challenges he learner to be creative in problem-solving.In the world of education, there are so many instructional designs that can be utilized to end up with meaningful learning. No instructional method is better than the other but each one in the hands of a committed and learned teacher can merit students across academic levels and disciplines to bring about meaningful learning.References Beaudrie, B. , Slater,T. F. , Stevenson, S. Cadit, D. (1998). Teaching astronomy by internet jigsawing. Leading and Learning with Technology Journal, 26. , Retrieved December 13, 2007 from http//www. aem. umn. edu. Carin, A. A, Bass, J. E Contant T.L. (2005).Act ivities for Teaching Science As Inquiry. NJ Pearson Prentice Hall. Dodge, B. (1997). Some thoughts about WebQuests . Retrieved December 13, 2007 from http//webquest. sdsu. edu/about_webquests. html. Gagne, R. M. , Briggs, L. J. , Wager, W. W. (1992). Principles of Instructional Design . TX Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers. Grabe, M. Grabe C. (2004). Integrating Technology for Meaningful Learning. NY Houghton Mifflin Company. Murdoch, K. (1998) Classroom Connections Strategies for Integrated Learning. Melbourne Eleanor chill Publishing.

The Resistivity of Wires Essay Example for Free

The impedance of Wires EssayIntroduction Anthony Gullan Physics Coursework An Investigation to Find the Resistivity of Wires The Experiment The experiment that was used to experience the results was very simple. The voltage and current were measured whilst varying the length of fit out. The results for voltage and current were recorded along with the diameter of the wire. This allowed for a range of some other orders to be calculated, including cross-sectional area and resistivity. image00. png.The Equipment A baron supply A voltmeter and an Ammeter A jockey A micrometer A 1 meter prescript Wire Connecting cables What is Resistivity? The resistance of a conductor depends on three factors The literal The size of material (eg length) The temperature The equation for Resistance is R = ? l A In this equation the constant is called resistivity, ?. This is governed by the record of the material and is affected by temperature. Resistivity varies for different materials, but stays constant for a given(p) material. Below is a table illustrating a few materials resistivity.The equation for resistivity therefore is ? = RA L The units for resistivity are ? m (ohm-metres). Conductivity The opposite of resistivity is conductivity. This can be calculated by using this formula ? = 1/? The units are ? -1m-1. Predictions I return that the results that I work out allow for show these patterns As the length increases the resistance depart also increase there is more than wire resulting in more energy needed for the same results As the Cross-Sectional subject area increases the resistance will decrease the wire is wider resulting in more electrons being able to flow at any genius timeThis interpret is a straight diagonal line.This shows that Resistance and Length are directly proportional. In other words if one value increases by a certain amount then the other value will increase by a proportional amount. Although in this experiment there are a few anomal ies, caused either by technical problems or through human error, this graph shows a conceptive picture of the relationship between length and resistance of a wire.Resistance against Area and 1/Area Resistance (? ) o start with I will analyse Resistance against 1/Area. This graph shows that the cross-sectional area and the resistance of a wire are mutually proportional. At first the shape of the graph suggests that the two values are directly proportional.However, as the area is displayed as 1/area this makes it inversely proportional. This is because the equation for something that is inversely proportional is A ? 1/B, or in this case Resistance ? 1/Area read more. Conclusion From the data I have made three observations The length of the wire has a proportional effect on the resistance of the wire The cross-sectional are is inversely proportional to the resistance of the wire The length of the wire divided by the area of the wire and the resistance of a wire are proportional.Havi ng plotted a graph of these values the resistivity of the wire can be found out by calculating the gradient of the line. These observations can also be written as R ? L R ? 1/A ? = RA/L Evaluation I think that the results that were obtained were good. There were a few anomalies in the graph, however these did not seem to affect the calculations too much. The graphs that I could produce with the data showed how each aspect was related to the others. The experiment used to calculate the results could have been better.For example, more readings could have been taken i. e. every 5cm. However with the data I was given it was possible to show the relations between resistance, length, cross-sectional area and resistivity. read more. This student written piece of work is one of some(prenominal) that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section. Found what youre looking for? Start discipline 29% faster today 150,000+ documents available Just ? 6. 99 a month Get climb Acces s Now or Learn more Not the one?

Factors Affecting Child Development Essay Example for Free

Factors touch Child Development EssayWhat is antepartum complaint?Prenatal c are is the health bring off you crap while you are pregnant. claim accusation of yourself and your baby by Getting early prenatal care. If you kip down youre pregnant, or think you might be, c any your rejuvenate to schedule a visit. Getting regular prenatal care. Your revivify exit schedule you for many checkups over the course of your motherhood. Dont miss any they are all important. add uping your doctors advice. put across to headWhy do I conduct prenatal care? pop off to topI am thin tycoon somewhat acquiring pregnant. How house I take care of myself? You should start taking care of yourself before you start trying to get pregnant. This is called preconception health. It means penetrative how health conditions and risk factors could tinge you or your unborn baby if you become pregnant. For example, many foods, habits, and medicines can hurt your baby even before he or she i s conceived. Some health problems also can affect pregnancy. Talk to your doctor before pregnancy to learn what you can do to prepare your body.Women should prepare for pregnancy before becoming sexually active. Ideally, women should oblige themselves at least 3 months to prepare before acquiring pregnant. The five most important things you can do before becoming pregnant are 1.Take cd to 800 micrograms (400 to 800 microgram or 0.4 to 0.8 mg) of folic venereal disease every day for at least 3 months before getting pregnant to baseborner your risk of some birth defects of the brain and spine. You can get folic acid from some foods. provided its hard to get all the folic acid you need from foods al single. Taking a vitamin with folic acid is the dress hat and easiest way to be authorized youre getting enough.2.Stop smoking and drinking alcohol. beseech your doctor for second. 3.If you confuse a medical condition, be sure it is under control. Some conditions include asthma, d iabetes, depression, high blood pressure, obesity, thyroid disease, or epilepsy. Be sure your vaccinations are up to date. 4.Talk to your doctor ab protrude any over-the-counter and prescription medicines you are using. These include dietary or herbal supplements. Some medicines are not safe during pregnancy. At the aforementioned(prenominal) time, stopping medicines you need also can be harmful. 5.Avoid contact with toxic substances or materials at make believe and at home that could be harmful. Stay away from chemicals and cat or rodent feces.Return to topIm pregnant. What should I do or not do to take care of myself and my unborn baby? Follow these dos and donts to take care of yourself and the precious life growing inside you health care dos and dontsGet early and regular prenatal care. Whether this is your first pregnancy or third, health care is extremely important. Your doctor forget check to make sure you and the baby are well-preserved at each visit. If there are any problems, early action allow help you and the baby. Take a multivitamin or prenatal vitamin with 400 to 800 micrograms (400 to 800 mcg or 0.4 to 0.8 mg) of folic acid every day. Folic acid is most important in the early stages of pregnancy, but you should continue taking folic acid through aside pregnancy. Ask your doctor before stopping any medicines or starting any new medicines. Some medicines are not safe during pregnancy. Keep in mind that even over-the-counter medicines and herbal products may excite side effects or other problems. But not using medicines you need could also be harmful. Avoid x-rays. If you must have dental incline or diagnostic renders, furcate your dentist or doctor that you are pregnant so that extra care can be taken. Get a flu shot. Pregnant women can get very sick from the flu and may need hospital care.Food dos and dontsEat a variety of healthy foods. Choose fruits, vegetables, whole grains, calcium-rich foods, and foods low in saturated fat. Also , make sure to drink plenty of fluids, especially water. Get all the nutrients you need each day, including iron. Getting enough iron prevents you from getting anemia, which is linked to preterm birth and low birth weight. alimentation a variety of healthy foods will help you get the nutrients your baby needs. But ask your doctor if you need to take a daily prenatal vitamin or iron supplement to be sure you are getting enough. Protect yourself and your baby from food-borne illnesses, including toxoplasmosis (TOK-soh-plaz-MOH-suhss) and listeria (lih-STEER-ee-uh). Wash fruits and vegetables before eating. Dont eat raw or undercooked meats or fish. Always handle, clean, cook, eat, and store foods properly. Dont eat fish with lots of mercury, including swordfish, king mackerel, shark, and tilefish.Lifestyle dos and dontsGain a healthy amount of weight. Your doctor can branch you how much weight gain you should aim for during pregnancy. Dont smoke, drink alcohol, or use drugs. These c an cause long-term harm or death to your baby. Ask your doctor for help quitting. Unless your doctor tells you not to, try to get at least 2 hours and 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity a week. Its best to spread egress your workouts throughout the week. If you worked out regularly before pregnancy, you can grip up your activity level as long as your health doesnt change and you lecture to your doctor about your activity level throughout your pregnancy. Learn more about how to have a fit pregnancy. Dont take very hot baths or use hot tubs or saunas.Get plenty of sleep and find ways to control stress. Get informed. Read books, watch videos, go to a childbirth class, and tattle with moms you know. Ask your doctor about childbirth education classes for you and your partner. Classes can help you prepare for the birth of your baby.Environmental dos and dontsStay away from chemicals like insecticides, solvents (like some cleaners or paint thinners), lead, mercury, and paint (including paint fumes). Not all products have pregnancy warnings on their labels. If youre fainthearted if a product is safe, ask your doctor before using it. Talk to your doctor if you are apprehensive that chemicals used in your workplace might be harmful. If you have a cat, ask your doctor about toxoplasmosis. This infection is caused by a parasite sometimes found in cat feces. If not hard-boiled toxoplasmosis can cause birth defects. You can lower your risk of by avoiding cat litter and exhausting gloves when gardening. Avoid contact with rodents, including pet rodents, and with their urine, droppings, or nesting material. Rodents can carry a virus that can be harmful or even deadly to your unborn baby. Take steps to avoid illness, such as washing hands frequently. Stay away from secondhand smoke.Check out our more detailed tips on Pregnancy dos and donts (PDF, 176 KB). Return to topI dont want to get pregnant right now. But should I still take folic acid every day? Y es Birth defects of the brain and spine evanesce in the very early stages of pregnancy, often before a woman knows she is pregnant. By the time she finds out she is pregnant, it might be too late to prevent those birth defects. Also, half of all pregnancies in the fall in States are not planned. For these reasons, all women who are able to get pregnant need 400 to 800 mcg of folic acid every day. Return to TopHow often should I see my doctor during pregnancy?Your doctor will give you a schedule of all the doctors visits you should have while pregnant. just about experts suggest you see your doctor about(predicate) once each month for weeks 4 through 28Twice a month for weeks 28 through 36Weekly for weeks 36 to birthIf you are older than 35 or your pregnancy is high risk, youll probably see your doctor more often. Return to TopWhat happens during prenatal visits?During the first prenatal visit, you can run your doctor toAsk about your health history including diseases, operations , or prior pregnanciesAsk about your familys health historyDo a complete physical exam, including a pelvic exam and Pap testTake your blood and urine for lab workCheck your blood pressure, height, and weightCalculate your receivable dateAnswer your questionsAt the first visit, you should ask questions and discuss any issues related to your pregnancy. Find out all you can about how to stay healthy. Later prenatal visits will probably be shorter. Your doctor will check on your health and make sure the baby is growing as expected. Most prenatal visits will includeChecking your blood pressureMeasuring your weight gainMeasuring your paunch to check your babys growth (once you begin to show)Checking the babys heart rateWhile youre pregnant, you also will have some routine tests.Some tests are suggested for all women, such as blood work to check for anemia, your blood type, HIV, and other factors. Other tests might be offered based on your age, personal or family health history, your eth nic background, or the results of routine tests you have had. Visit the pregnancy section of our website for more expound on prenatal care and tests.Return to topI am in my late 30s and I want to get pregnant. Should I do anything special? As you age, you have an increasing chance of having a baby born with a birth defect. Yet most women in their late 30s and early 40s have healthy babies. See your doctor regularly before you even start trying to get pregnant. She will be able to help you prepare your body for pregnancy. She will also be able to tell you about how age can affect pregnancy. During your pregnancy, seeing your doctor regularly is very important.Because of your age, your doctor will probably suggest some extra tests to check on your babys health. More and more women are wait until they are in their 30s and 40s to have children. While many women of this age have no problems getting pregnant, fecundity does decline with age. Women over 40 who dont get pregnant after si x months of trying should see their doctors for a fertility evaluation. Experts define infertility as the inability to become pregnant after trying for one year. If a woman keeps having miscarriages, its also called infertility. If you think you or your partner may be infertile, talk to your doctor. Doctors are able to help many infertile couples go on to have healthy babies.Return to topWhere can I go to get free or reduced-cost prenatal care?Women in every state can get help to pay for medical care during their pregnancies. This prenatal care can help you have a healthy baby. Every state in the United States has a program to help. Programs give medical care, information, advice, and other services important for a healthy pregnancy. To find out about the program in your stateCall 800-311-BABY (800-311-2229). This toll-free telephone number will associate you to the Health Department in your area code. For information in Spanish, call 800-504-7081. Contact your local Health Departm ent.