The Fascist of the Land of Liberty Essays - Genealogy,

The Fascist of the Land of Liberty Sarah A. Dunn Trinity Western University Political Science 101: Introduction to Political Philosophy Calvin Townsend Dec/8/17 We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they're endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, that whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they're accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariable the same Object events as a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient of sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of present President of the United States: Donald Trump is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over the States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world. He was prophesized by Plato, through The Republic, that a tyrant has been produced by democracy. It should be noted that democracies give way to tyrannies which leads to mob passion which overwhelms political wisdom and promotes the ideology of populism and a populist leader, a leader such as Trump represents aspects "of populism, which is anger at the establishment and various elites," which solidifies the beginning of the injustices that the President has bestowed upon the nation as well as the world ("Is Donald Trump Really a Populist?," 2016). He offered himself as the champion for the people of the United States of America in democracy, a man who could change the corruption that came from leaders such as Obama and bring America back to where it should be; a superpower that is untouchable. He simplifies that he is the one man who can make things whole again; or so he believes. Thus, Donald J. Trump, "emerges out of a whirlwind of anti-establishment hysteria; a strongman fascist promises to stick it to the elites and says only he can make the country great again; he gives the people a familiar boogeyman, some alien other, on whom they can dump their resentment," which provides the basis of Trumps allegations and his prominent actions of scapegoating minorities around America (Illing, 2016). He represents the decay of democracy by his own political existence, Trump proves that the Land of Liberty can be whipped into a frenzy of fascism which is not necessarily a difficult task; it can happen in one election. Plato noted that, "democracy is a charming form of government, full of variety and disorder, and dispensing a short equality to equals and unequal's alike," which is evident when the current President has revealed the degeneration located at the core of our politics which has shone a light upon the catastrophe we call a liberal democracy (Illing, 2016). Although, Plato had predicted this degeneration of democracy, he divulged that, "the state falls sick, and is at war with herself," which is true; we witness the Land of Liberty become polarized and divided at the expense of a tyrant. He is a tyrant, Plato defines this as someone who is Eros incarnate, thus, his actions are of pure impulse, and he has no control over himself to any extent. Leaders who are defined by Eros incarnate form an allegiance with the poor through political chicanery of his own elite class. Donald Trump is a man who

The Shakedown in Ukraine essays

The Shakedown in Ukraine essays Bureaucrats of the Ukraine Tax Authority (UAT) Special Audits Department visit the Kiev-based offices of Customer Strategy Solutions and state that the company has failed to file five specific forms with the government. The fine for this equivalent to $16,000 and is payable to the Special Audits Department of the UAT. Kostya Hnatyuk, who runs the Customer Strategy Solutions software development center in Kiev gets the news and immediately calls Pavlo Zhuk, founder and entrepreneur of the company. The case study then progresses to Mr. Zhuk flying from Palo Alto to Kiev to meet with Kostya Hnatyuk to get the issue resolved. Previous situations including the payment of $5,000 to Dnipro Telecom to expedite the installation of telephone service illustrate how pervasive graft is in Ukraine. The case study presents Mr. Zhuk as seeing himself as a force for positive change in Kiev, and looks to bring additional employment there. His practice of paying his programmers double the going ra te, or $12,000 a year there, is no doubt attracting much attention in a country whose economy is weak due to so much graft and corruption. The most pressing issue is how corrupt the Ukraine is, and how pervasive it is, where Mr. Zhuk and his team encounter requests for bribes from the telephone company to the local tax authority. Studies indicate that there are approximately 1,300 bureaucrats who actively solicit and take bribes throughout this part of the world (Miller, 2006). Entering such a corrupt region of the world and not expecting to be impacted by it is naive on the part of the companys founders. Second, the payment of the telecom bribe sets a dangerous precedent for future transactions and may have already led to the company breaking international laws. Deciding to have their accountant back in Palo Alto figure out how to hide it is a slippery slope. Third, the issue of whether to pay the ...

Historical review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Historical review - Essay Example His father would not leave his son alone either and chose to remain with him. The design was poor as it seems the gas chambers had been converted from something else probably a morgue as there were no doors, windows or even any other form of ventilation. There were no any signs of the place being coated to prevent gas from leaking. They lacked exhaust systems to let out the gas after being used and also lacked heaters or heating systems as well and hence the place was damp. The free-standing chimneys were not real chimneys to produce smoke from the gas chambers or crematorium. They were just there for show and hence the reason they were called â€Å"fake chimneys.† This was true because the smoke channel that produced the smoke was across the room and not where the chimney was located, hence conclusion that the chimneys were just for symbolic purposes. The interview seems to be discrediting all that is there in history books and even movies and documentaries about the holocaust and Auschwitz in particular. The issue about the gas chamber for example leaves the listeners and viewers more in doubt and confused than even before. The same is true about the liberation by the Soviet troops. However, to those not familiar with the holocaust history, then the interview sheds light on the subject and provides an account of the occurrences from another dimension which is educational and informative. It also provides the basics of the holocaust leaving the individual want to find out more about this topic than the interview provides. The article where David Cole was interviewing Dr. Franciszek Piper the director of the Auschwitz museum has some surprising information about the gas chambers that was not previously in the history books. The same is however not reflected in the other article on a first hand basis leaving some information. What seems to be true in this case is the interview with the Dr. because as

Contract law assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Contract law assignment - Essay Example On most occasions, this clause tends to be unfair, partial and one-sided as the weaker party in the agreement could not lay claim to damages or extra-contractual compensations when the Contract is somehow broken. There are some legal cases that tend to demonstrate how the weaker parties, in recent years, have at least tried to see that such exclusion clauses are incorporated into the contracts: this report would investigate how such a clause may be included in a typical Irish legal case that involved disagreement over the commercial contract. A legal case study is used to better explain how this phenomenon works out: Analog Devices BV & ors v Zurich Insurance Company & anor. This case study is necessary in order to highlight the seriousness of exclusion clauses in contractual agreements. Which of the parties would feel cheated or be left to bear the huge losses? What is the nature and scope of the clause being excluded? Does it contain an element of insurance coverage or health benefits scheme or pension system? The legal case of Analog Devices BV & ors v Zurich Insurance Company & anor2, decided upon at the Irish Supreme Court, is a typical case to prove how exclusion clause could result in a monumental loss for one of the parties involved. This is factual background to this case as presented by Baillii3: Analog Devices BV & ors had had engaged in the commercial activities of manufacturing, researching and designing of high performance linear mix signal and digital integrated circuits that are used for several signal processing applications. These activities were carried out at Raheen Industrial Estate in County Limerick. It is a known fact that twice a year the usual manufacturing operation is shut down in order to allow the maintenance team to work on the manufacturing plants. These annual maintenance arrangements often occur in the summer

The cultural racial other Speech or Presentation

The cultural racial other - Speech or Presentation Example Scheherezade, the young princess who tells the king stories lest she be killed, has become the standard image, in whatever way one is most familiar with that image of her, in considering and thinking of Muslim women. In the movie Sex and the City 2, the character played by Sarah Jessica Parker oozes â€Å"Just like Scheherazade,† when she finds out she and her friends are going to travel to Abu Dhabi.4 Flying carpets, wanton women, and evil magic genies are images that more readily come to the Westerner’s mind than the reality of Muslims and their Islamic faith and culture, which permeates all aspects of their society, politics, and private lives. The images and culture portrayed through Nights is offensive to many Muslims, because it falsely portrays who they are and mires them in a time of antiquity that is long past, not allowing them as a culture and people to participate in the present. This helps put into perspective the hostility with which the West is perceived by Muslims. A cultural â€Å"other† exists in the minds of the Westerner.

Radiation Doses vs Patient’s Life Styles

Radiation Doses vs Patient’s Life Styles Radiation doses from 131I treated hyperthyroidism patients’ vs life style- A  survey A.S. Shah*, Hameedullah, F. Saeed, K.A.Shah, A. Khan, M. Rauf Khattak ABSTRACT The Radioactive Iodine is widely used for the treatment of various thyroid disorders. The patients  undergoing such treatments are advised to restrict their social and work related activities to limit  radiation exposures to others. The present work describes the results of a structured survey  conducted on patients visiting Institute of Radiotherapy and nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar,  for the thyrotoxicosis treatment. The patients were asked about their housing conditions, family set  up, number of kids, travelling mode and time back home from the hospital. The radiation doses to the  other people with whom they might come in contact in their living environment were estimated. The  radiation doses to others at one meter from the patients were calculated as 0.76, 1.53, 2.29, 3.06, 3.82  and 4.58mSv. The results of the survey indicate that the radiation protection advice and other  regulatory requirements need to be reviewed keeping in view individual patientâ⠂¬â„¢s circumstances. INTRODUCTION The radioactive iodine (RAI) is widely used for the treatment of various thyroid disorders  since long. The differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is treated by admitting the patients in  hospital where as hyperthyroidism patients are treated on out patient basis in most of the  countries (1-4). The safety issues for the patients, their families, comforters, hospital staff and  the general public arise with either treatment approach. The radiation hazards are more in  case of hyperthyroidism treatment than the DTC treatment due to shorter effective half life  of the 131I in the later application. Therefore at the time of release of the patient from  medical confinement, the retained radioactivity in DTC patients is much lower causing low  risk of radiation exposure to other people. In case of thyrotoxicosis treatment the  administered radioactivity is much lower as compared to DTC treatment but radiation  doses to others are more due to high uptake of RAI by these pa tients (5-8). The patients  undergoing such treatments are advised to restrict their social and work related activities  to reduce radiation exposure to others when they return to their families in community (9-16). This radiation protection advice is usually based on residual activity or radiation exposure level and is not specific to an individual patient circumstances or socioeconomic  condition. These advices are usually formulated by the developed countries and are  adopted as such in most of the developing countries. In actual practice the compliance to the  protection advice depends on socioeconomic conditions and the life style of the patients. Therefore keeping in view this aspect of RAI treatments, an interview based structured  survey was conducted on patients visiting our hospital for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. The patients were asked about their housing conditions, family/home set up, number of  kids, mode of travelling and travelling time to back home from the hospital. The radiation  doses to the other people with whom they might come in contact in their living  environment MATERIAL AND METHODS The patients were asked about their housing conditions, family set up, number of kids and  travelling periods back home. The total number of patients inducted in the present survey  was 419. The data collected was tabulated and reviewed for completeness. A calibrated  dose of 131I (185-1106MBq) was administered to the patients. The exposure rate from the  patient was measured at a distance of one meter from standing position with a hand-held  pressurized battery operated ÃŽ ² ÃŽ ³ survey meter, Victoreen Model 450P, calibrated from  secondary standard dosemetry laboratory, Islamabad. The dose rate was recorded in units  of ÃŽ ¼Svhr-1. The patients were instructed to sleep alone, drink fluids liberally and avoid prolonged close personal contact with others for the first 2 days. The patients and familymembers were told that they could resume normal activities thereafter (9-12). The estimated  radiation doses to the maximally exposed person were calculated using the form ula given in  equation 2 (14). RESULTS There were 385 (93%) patients residing in joint and 29 (07%) in separate family system  Table 1. It was found that 15.27 % of the patients were male and 84.73% females with age  wise distribution as shown in Table 2. The measured hospital leaving dose rate at one meter from the patients were 5.7, 11.0, 15.7,  18.7, 23.0 and 28.0ÃŽ ¼Svh-1 for administered RAI activity of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 29.9mCi  respectively. The corresponding radiation doses to others from exposure to the patient at  one meter using occupancy factor of 0.25 were calculated as 0.76, 1.53, 2029, 3.06, 3.82 and  4.58mSv Table 3. They survey showed that 4.77, 17.66, 22.91, 24.10, 12.66 and 17.90% patients had  accommodation consisting of one, two, three, four, five and more than five rooms  respectively Table 4. It was observed that 78.04% patients used public transport and 21.96% used private  transport for back home after RAI administration. The radiation doses to others during  travelling were estimated using occupancy factor of 0.1m and 1m distance plotted versus  travelling time of the patient from hospital to back home Figure 1 and Figure 2 respectively.   It was also observed that 1.67% of the patients had no sanitary arrangements at home and  they used open space in the fields as toilet. The patients residing in localities where there is  comparatively better sanitation arrangements had one (31.74%), two (36.04%), three  (17.42%) and more than three (13.13%) toilets available Table 5. In addition 11.93% of the patients had no kids where 10.74% lived in joint family system  and 1.19% as separate. The survey showed that 88.7% of the patients had kids and 82.33%  of these lived in joint family system where as 5.73% lived separate. The number of kids and  the family status showed that 17.18%, 31.50% and 33.65% patients had 1-3, 4-6 and more  than 6 kids respectively lived in joint family system while 2.86%, 1.91% and 0.95% patients  had 1-3, 4-6 and more than 6 kids respectively and they used to live in separate family  system Table 6. DISCUSSION The patients treated for thyrotoxicosis with RAI (131I) are advised certain restrictions on  behavior in order to ensure the radiation safety of all other individuals with whom they may  come into contact. Generally it is assumed that the patients are unlikely to create a hazard  to other persons. A dose limit of 5mSv and 1mSv had been recommended for these peoples  depending upon the nature and type of their interaction with the patient (17). The  compliance to the safety instructions depend upon patient’s literacy level, decision making  capacity, health education, grasping and understanding disclosure of treatment in general  and patient’s socioeconomic conditions and life styles in particular(18,19). The over all literacy level of the survey region is 37.26 % (20). Literacy level reflects the  ability of the patients to comprehend that they emit detectable levels of radiation for  specified period of time after their treatment which are hazardous for other peoples. It was  observed that 93% of the patients inducted in the survey used to reside in joint family  system and 07% lived in separate system Table 1. This aspect coupled with the low literacy  level puts emphasis on the patients receiving treatments to comply with the instructions  strictly to limit radiation exposure to others. The restriction on mode of travelling back to home is important factor in RAI treatment  especially when 78.96% of the patients used public transport to back home from hospital. It  is practically difficult to measure radiation doses to other passengers traveling in the same  vehicle. The measured hospital leaving dose rate at one meter from the patients suggest  that the time restrictions to travel by private transport (at 1m distance) are not required,  although they should not sit immediately adjacent to another passenger, accompanying  person or driver Table 3. Similarly restrictions would not be required for public transport (0.1m distance) for one  hour journey. It was observed that radiation doses to others at 1m and 0.1m with  administered 131I radioactivity of 185, 555 and 1106MBq increases linearly with the travelling time Figure 1 2. The patients needing greater travelling time back home should  use private transport after RAI administration. Therefore regulatory authorities need to  reassess the situation with respect to private or public mode of travelling while  recommending discharge limits for RAI treatments. The radiation doses from the exposure  to the patient to total decay (t=∞) at one meter using occupancy factor of 0.25 for RAI  administered were well within recommended dose limit of 5mSv for adult comforters Table  3. However for patients residing in single room accommodation, with kids and joint family  system, the dose limit of 1mSv is unlikely to be adhered. This aspect becomes more  important where a very large percentage of the patients (88.07%) had kids and 82.33% of  those used to live in joint family system as observed in the present survey Table 6. The  sanitary conditions of the patients at home are important to protect family members from  radioactive contamination and associated external radiation exposure. It was observed that  patients having better sanitation arrangements would not pose radiation related problems. However patients having no proper sanitation (1.67%) are source of concern for the  communities where they reside Table 5. The trends observed indicate that the patients with single room accommodation, having  kids and joint family system need strict compliance to radiation protection advice to restrict  radiation doses to the immediate family members. Therefore RAI treatments need to be  carried out keeping in view patient’s living conditions and life styles. CONCLUSION The radiation protection advice and regulatory requirements need to be formulated  keeping in view patient’s socioeconomic, life style and living conditions. It needs to be  reviewed depending upon individual patient’s circumstances. Table 1 Family Status (N=419) Status No of patients (%) Joint Family 390 (93) Separate Family 29(07) Table 2 Age and Sex Distribution of Patients Age No. of Patients (%) 17 to 28 36(8.59) 29 to 40 161 (38.42) 41 to 50 119 (28.4) 51 TO 60 67 (15.9) >60 33 (7.8) *15.27 % of patients are males ** 84.73 % of patients are females Table 3 131I administered Vs Average Radiation Doses S.No 131I activity (mCi) No. of patients (%) Average leaving dose rate at 1 meter (ÃŽ ¼Sv/hr) Average Dose* to others at 1 meter (mSv) 1 05 12 (2.88) 5.7 0.76 2 10 18 (4.3) 11 1.53 3 15 99 (23.62) 15.7 2.29 4 20 233 (55.6) 18.7 3.06 5 25 47 (11.21) 23 3.82 6 29.9 10 (2.3) 28 4.58 * Average doses to total decay (t=∞) to other individual exposed to the patient at one meter using  occupancy factor of 0.25. Table 4 Status of Patients in Relation to No. of Rooms in Joint/ Separate System No. of rooms in home No. of Patients (%) Patients living in Joint Family System Patients living in Separately 1 20(4.77) 18 2 2 74(17.66) 69 7 3 96(22.91) 90 7 4 101(24.10) 96 4 5 53(12.66) 46 4 More than 5 75(17.90) 71 5 Table 5 Sanitary Status of Patients No. of Toilets in home of Patients No. of Patients (%) Open without flush 07(1.67) With one flush 133(31.74) With two flush 151(36.04) With three flush 73(17.42) More than three flush 55(13.13) Table 6 Kids Status Vs Family System Figure 1 Radiation Doses (mSv) at 0.1m Vs Travelling Time (Hrs) Kids Status Joint Families (%) Separate Families (%) Without Kids 50(11.93) 45(10.74) 05(1.19) With Kids 369(88.07) 345(82.33) 24(5.73) Up to 3 Kids 4 to 6 Kids 7 and above 72(17.18) 132(31.50) 141(33.65) 12(2.86) 08(1.91) 04(0.95) Figure 2 Radiation Doses (mSv) at 1m Vs Travelling Time (Hrs)

Essay --

vProspect for Essay 4 Shawn Riley Engilsh 102 20 Nov, 2013 Rebirth of the Farmers Market The rebirth of the farmers market, and does it have enough movement to expand, would it make a difference in the local economy. I want to explore if it is economical for a person to start a business and make a decent living, with today’s standards of living. Second the quality of produce at a farmers market compared to a supermarket. Finally research if small businesses contribute more to local economy more than the larger businesses. Farmer markets Farmer markets have always been around and a strong reason to believe that they will still be around long after our time. There are several reasons why this age old tradition still exitst today and revolves around a very common question, â€Å"What does a buyer find important when they are about to buy food to be consumed, or how the produce is grown/manufactured, processed, marketed, and distributed. Supporting farmer markets and ensuring fair trade among the dealer and the seller can help promote healthier lives while building stronger communities. There are several reasons to support a community’s farmer market event because buying true locally grown food can allows the buyer to have options to food that is picked fresh and tastes better than what is sold in the supermarkets. Another benefit to farmers markets is that the food is sustainable, flavorful, supports local farms, and also in some areas, part of the proceeds goes to the unfortunate within that community. Wi th the addition of the food generally being more flavorful, locally grown food is adapted to the climate in which it was grown, and can remain fresh longer than that of an imported produce grown in a different climate. Final... ... sell their product at a lower rate due to the transportation, storage, and marketing costs. Having the food sold through private markets, cuts out the middle man, and allows more money to end up back into the farms, which helps the farmer put money back into their business and other businesses. Money that goes back into local businesses then increases the local economy through a process called the multiplier effect. The multiplier effect is an economics term that is used to describe where a small investment of money is circulated back into the economy, it sets off a chain reaction that increases exponentially. For example, if a consumer gave the farmer $20 for his goods and the farmer spends three fifths of his income ($20 + (.06x$20)), $32 would be the amount of money available in the market from the initial $20 investment (Krugman, Paul R., and Robin Wells).

Qualitative Analysis Lab Essay

The purpose of the experiment is to identify every cation present in an unknown solution by performing specific chemical tests. Chemical tests such as adding specific chemicals to make precipitates, adding strong and highly concentrated acids and bases, centrifuging the precipitate from the supernate, and performing a flame test are carried out to determine the presence or absence of the ions in each group. Experimental Procedure: Separation of Group I Cations: Ten drops of the unknown solution C were placed into a small test tube. Four drops of 6 M HCl were added to the unknown solution. After being stirred, the yellowish unknown developed a white, cloudy precipitate. The solution was centrifuged and a white precipitate sunk to the bottom of the test tube. One drop of 6 M HCl was added to the solution making the clear yellow supernate cloudy, which showed that not all of the Group I ions precipitated. Two more centrifuges were performed until no more precipitate formed. The clear yellow supernate was decanted into a clean dry test tube. The yellowish white precipitate was rinsed with five drops of cold tap water and stirred. This solution was then centrifuged and added to the supernate in the other test tube. Fifteen drops of tap water were added to the washed precipitate and the test tube was placed in a hot-water bath. The solution was stirred in the water bath for one minute. The now clear purplish liquid was centrifuged and there was no precipitate formed which confirmed the absence of Ag+. Three drops of 1 M K2CrO4 were added to the purple supernate, and a thick, cloudy yellow precipitate formed confirming the presence of Pb2+. Separation of Group III Cations: Five drops of 2 M NH4Cl were added to the test tube containing the clear yellow supernate from group I. The solution was stirred. Then, seven drops of 15 M NH3 were added until the solution was basic and the litmus paper turned blue. The addition of NH3 caused a light-orange precipitate to form. The two additional drops of NH3 and the twenty drops of water created a reddish-brown precipitate and a clear supernate. The solution was stirred and centrifuged. The light blue supernate was decanted from the caramel brown precipitate. Twelve drops of 12 M HCl and five drops of 16 M HNO3 were added to the brown precipitate. The mixture was carefully stirred and turned into a clear yellow liquid. The test tube was heated in a hot-water bath for about forty-five seconds to dissolve any remaining precipitate. Ten drops of water were added to the solution and was centrifuged. There was no remaining precipitate, and the clear yellow supernate was divided into two separate test tubes. Two drops of 0.2 M KSCN were added to one of the test tubes containing the yellow supernate. The solution turned to a deep, blood-red which confirmed the presence of Fe3+. After fifty drops of 6 M NH3 were added to the second test tube of the yellow supernate, the solution remained acidic and it only caused the solution to turn a paler yellow. Five drops of 15 M NH3 were added to make the solution basic by turning the litmus paper blue. The addition of the 15 M NH3 also caused an orange precipitate to form in the solution. The solution was centrifuged and decanted into a separate test tube to remove the precipitate. Four drops of dimethylglyoxime reagent was added to the solution which was then stirred. The solution turned a deep pink with the formation of a pink precipitate which confirms the presence of Ni2+. Separation of Group IV Cations: Eight drops of 6 M CH3CO2H and one drop of 1 M K2CrO4 were added to the light blue supernate from the Group III procedure. The mixture was stirred and turned to a clear yellow color with no precipitate which confirms the absence of Ba2+. Four drops of 15 M NH3 were added to the yellow supernate from the previous step to make it basic and turn the litmus paper blue. The solution retained its yellow color with no precipitate. Seven drops of 0.1 m K2C2O4 were added which caused the formation of a small amount of white precipitate. The small amount of precipitate was dissolved in ten drops of 6 M HCl. A small sponge was used to soak up a small amount of solution. Using a Bunsen burner, the solution soaked sponge was placed into the top of the blue flame. The flame was initially orange and then had sporadic bursts of red flame which confirmed the presence of Ca2+. A small amount of the original unknown solution C is absorbed by a section of sponge. A flame test is performed using a Bunsen burner. The solution soaked sponge produced an orange-yellow flame; however, the yellow was not very prominent. The solution did contain Na+, but not in a substantially large amount. 2 mL of original unknown solution C and 2 mL of 6 M NaOH were combined in an evaporating dish. Litmus paper was wetted with water and placed on the bottom of a watch glass. The litmus paper watch glass was placed over the evaporating dish. The litmus paper without extra heating immediately turned blue which confirms the presence of basic NH4+. Results: Table for Unknown C Pb2+| Ag+| Fe3+| Ni2+| Ba2+| Ca2+| NH4+| Na+| Yes| No| Yes | Yes| No| Yes| Yes| Yes| Discussion: The lead ion was found by making a supernate from water and the precipitate formed by mixing the unknown solution and 6 M HCl and decanting out the supernate. The unknown solution and HCl were added to a test tube and centrifuged to separate the precipitate from the supernate. The supernate was then decanted from the precipitate. Water was added to the precipitate and put into a hot-water bath. There was no precipitate formed after the solution was heated and centrifuged which confirmed the absence of the silver ion. The addition of K2CrO4 caused a yellow precipitate to form in the supernate. The formation of the yellow cloudy precipitate confirmed the presence of the lead ion. The iron ion was found by taking the supernate from group I and making a precipitate by mixing it with 2 M NH4Cl and 15 M NH3. The precipitate was mixed with 12 M HCl and 16 M HNO3 and heated in a hot water bath until the precipitate was completely dissolved. The supernate was then divided equally into two test tubes. One of the samples was combined with 0.2 M KSCN to form a blood-red precipitate which confirmed the presence of the iron ion. The second supernate sample was used in confirming the presence of nickel. 6 M NH3 was added to the supernate, but 15 M NH3 had to be used to make the solution basic. After centrifuging and decanting out the precipitate formed, the dimethylglyoxime reagent was added to the supernate and created a deep pink precipitate that confirmed the presence of nickel. The supernate from the group III sample was mixed with 6 M CH3CO2H and 1 M K2CrO4. There was no precipitate that formed which confirmed the absence of the barium ion. The calcium ion was found by using the supernate from the previous test and adding 15 M NH3 until the solution was basic. The precipitate was then centrifuged out and discarded. The addition of 0.1 M K2C2O4 created a small amount of white precipitate that suggested the presence of the calcium ion, but a flame test was conducted to confirm the presence of calcium. The expected red-orange flame produced by a solution soaked sponge confirmed the presence of calcium in the unknown solution. Ammonium ions were found by combining the original unknown solution and 6 M NaOH in an evaporating dish and testing if the fumes were basic. Moist litmus paper was stuck to the bottom of a watch glass which was then placed over the top of the evaporating dish. The litmus paper immediately turning blue proves the existence of ammonium ions. The sodium ion was found by performing a flame test on the original unknown solution. The original solution was added to a sponge which was put into a flame which showed a yellow-orange flame which shows the presence of sodium ions, but the intensity of the yellow did not suggest that there was a significant amount of sodium. The flame tests seem to be not as accurate since the sponge alone would burn an orange flame. Attention to the small bursts of reds and yellows in the dominate orange flame had to be highly focused since it was one of the only indications of which ions were present in the unknown solution. Conclusion: Through the formation of precipitates and supernates, the additions of acids and bases, the additions of highly concentrated solutions, and flame tests specific ions were separated out in order to determine the characteristics of the unknown solution. Unknown solution C was found in conclusion to the experiment to contain the cations lead, iron, nickel, calcium, ammonium, and sodium.

Tourism Industry and what way to travel is better

Tourism Industry and what way to travel is better Impact of Transportation on the Tourism Industry The Chicago convention that contains the basic rules for civil aviation signed by Franklin Roosevelt in December 1944 emphasized that the future development of air transport will create good relationship between nations and people around the world.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Tourism Industry and what way to travel is better specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Air transport has become the foundation of the entire global society in terms of communication, economic, and social progress. Air travel created wealth and disclosed their potential for trade and tourism aspects. One of the cheapest ways to travel is using roads. In Britain, road transport for tourists is fulfilled by coaches, car hire, and taxis. Britain has route coaches that operate in different destinations and has the largest road transport network for its tourists. London buses provide the urban netw ork being a convenient way to get around the city offering sight seeing opportunity (Page Lumsdon, 2004, p. 115). The role in tourism and travel industry A study done by the Oxford Economic Forecasting on Air Transport Action Group, describes the main benefits of air transport and the way it should be sustainable. This Air Transport Action Group is a combination of independent companies and organizations in the air transport industry whose main objective is to improve infrastructure in a responsible way. Its global members include airlines, airports, navigation services, travel, tourism institutes, manufacturers, ground transportation, and communication providers (Parsch 2011, p. 64). The aviation sector and the civil aerospace are the main sectors of air transport industry. Development of Air transport in tourism Some factors have contributed to the rapid growth of this industry because of increased demand for trade and leisure purposes. Increased competition and efficiency have r educed airfares and improved trade in politically stable countries thereby promoting tourism. Trade done globally through purchases of goods and services such as energy sector, has grown due to the purchase of aircraft fuel as well as employment through aviation fuel (Wickham 2001, p. 106). IT in computer systems or people who manufacture retail goods are also a way of job creation.Advertising Looking for assessment on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As the industry is in demand, its contribution to the global economy is great because the GDP per employer is higher. Employees are well trained, skilled and experienced. The industry carries out intensive research and development (Honey, 1999, p. 301). Countries are able to take part in the global market by means of providing way to the most important markets and promoting globalization of production. Countries can specialize in activities that ar e beneficial to their economies and trade with countries producing other goods and services. Improved air transport also enlarges the market in which companies operate enabling them to exploit other economies. It promotes competition to companies thereby boosting their efficiency. It improves efficiency in industries as it is easier and faster to transport and deliver goods (Cater Lowman, 1994, p. 611). Air travel is a trade facilitator that enables markets to get products to the market more quickly to their customers. According to North American Free Trade Agreement, many trade barriers have been removed. As most air cargos consist of manufactured products, world trade has improved because of air transport. Survey on financial and businesspersons indicate that they do consider air travel when meeting with their clients face-to-face, which is essential for winning new businesses and enhancing client relationships (Mowforth Munt, 1998, p. 234). The contribution of air travel on tou rism has improved because tourism depends fully on air transport to bring visitors. On the other hand, the transport industry depends on tourism to generate demand for its services. For example, Costa Rica is the second largest source of foreign exchange that provides resources needed for maintaining its national parks (Holden 2000, p.16).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Tourism Industry and what way to travel is better specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Britain has numerous historical monuments, royal palaces and the world’s largest museums visited by tourists in the whole world. Air transport is the main means in the tourism industry. London has the greatest attraction sites in the world and the most visited modern art gallery, the Tate modern. The Brecon Beacon National Park in Whales is the most beautiful site in UK. It comprises ancient castles, market towns, and the craggy peaks (Cater Lowman 1994, p. 400). Jet aircrafts Recent modernized aircrafts are responsible for reducing environmental impacts by curbing the reduction of noise during takeoff and landing. They use less fuel and thus emission of carbon monoxide emitted in the air is reduced. By improving air travel management, the use of fuel has reduced. Transport is the main contributor to the advancement of modern society (Thomson Martin 2010, p. 218). The introduction of jet airlines has become essential to economic progress. The demand of air transport has increased rapidly on the global economy promoting efficiency, movement of people, exchange of currencies, goods, and services in markets around the entire world (Page Lumsdon 2004, p. 310). The development of jet aircrafts has led to the emergence of a new jet called the easy jet, which will create 120 jobs at Manchester airport. According to the Chief Executive officer Carolyn Mc Call, the aircraft will increase the efficiency of air transport in Manchester. This will benefit businesses and increase the number of business travelers (Fennell 2003, p. 345). The advancement and growth in the global airline industry have encouraged major technological innovation. In 1950, jet aircrafts were introduced for commercial use in the airline industry.Advertising Looking for assessment on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Later in the 1970s, wide body jumbo jets were introduced in the Global airline industry (Button 1993, p. 95). There are two types of fighter aircrafts, namely, Rocket powered fighters and jet powered fighters. Aircraft jets have been classified by generation for historical purposes. The first generation fighter jets were used in the First World War while jets of the second generation were used in the Korean War. The third and the fourth generations of aircrafts were characterized by sophisticated avionics and weapon systems developed by Colonel John Boyd. The fifth generation jet fighters introduced in 2005 were advanced due to the new technology and integrated systems of weapons (Mowforth Munt 1998, p. 63). Air jets on the budget of the United States will cost around $150 for constructing its flyaway unit and sharing the cost among the eight country partners will be at risk. The United States Air Force budget in 2010 projects the cost to be from 150 to 200 millions over the planne d production of F-35, and as the production cost increases there is likely to be a delay. The delay may lead to a fighter gap in which other countries and America will have less jets fighters for their use. The last sixth generation jet fighter is programmed to be introduced in the United States Air force and Navy by 2025-2030. Road transport in tourism A sit has already been mentioned, one of the cheapest ways to travel is by the using surface transportation. During the Olympic Games and paralytics games in 2012, London has boasted numerous visitors and tourists from all over the world via air travel, however, the city is admired and shown using surface types of transport, in other words, road transport. Visiting Britain helps in promoting tourism partners for the entire Britain and the world. Both international and domestic visitors use air and road transport to improve tourism in Britain. Travel mole is the largest global online community that gives information on travel and tour ism industry (Fennell 2003, p. 511). Transport and road transport services depend on the demand generated by other economic activities. Transportation cost is a component of a transaction that is important in market sand businesses. According to Culpan (1987, p. 546), modes for transportation and management are the major link with the international tourism. Development and accessibility in transportation have eased travelling. Road Transportation helps tourists to get to their desired destinations and areas; it also has an impact on tourism experience as stated by Page and Lumsdon (2004, p. 72). This explains the reason people visit a particular place. Thus, there appears the Increased demand for road transport that is being used by tourists. The improvement and maintaining the road network have increased the number of regional and international visitors, tutoring a destination has led to the fact that the number of quality roads has been increased. The increased growth in tourism s ector will see the creation of new tourist products (Cater Lowman, 1994, p. 420). Economic Benefits Air travel provides the only international network in tourism and the global business world wide as it facilitates economic growth. It has boosted the tourism industry because about 40% of the tourists travel by air (Wisner, Tan Leong 2008, p. 56). It has created direct and indirect employment both in services and the manufacturing of aircraft systems, purchasing of goods and services from industries and companies and improved social welfare through spending on industry employees. Through the direct and indirect job creation globally, air travel has created tourism jobs thereby improving the growth of the economy. Compared to other sectors, air transport as a capital-intensive business has a high productivity per worker (Holden 2000, p. 204). Air transport uses resources efficiently as compared to any other industry in Britain. The advantage of air travel compared to road and rail i s that it covers the whole of its infrastructure cost. Modern aircrafts use less fuel compared to the modern vehicles in the market therefore making it more efficient in fuel consumption. Using air transport is the only means of transport in far away places which are used in assisting social services. It improves the living standards of people by eliminating poverty. Air travel broadens ones horizons by numerous and endless destinations all over the world thus connecting people, in particular, friends, relatives, etc. By means of air transport, sustainable development is attained by facilitating trade and tourism in generating economic growth. In emergency cases such as earthquakes, floods and disastrous wars, air transport delivers humanitarian aid relief and ensures quick medical supplies when needed ( Mowforth Munt 1998, p. 290). Conclusion The development of air transport and road transport on trade and tourism has promoted economic and social progress and contributed to the ad vancement of modern day society by providing reliable information to governments in order to take responsibility in making decisions. Air travel has also responded to the growing demand for mobility by investing in safety and security improvements, new technology and business ( Mowforth Munt 1998, p. 292). List of References Button, K 1993, Transport: The environment and economic policy, Edward Elgar, New York. Cater, E Lowman, G 1994, Ecotourism: A sustainable option? Wiley J Sons, London. Fennell, D 2003, Ecotourism: An introduction, Routledge, London. Holden, A. 2000, Environment and tourism, Routledge, New York. Honey, M. 1999, Ecotourism and sustainable development: Who owns paradise? Island Press, Washington. Mowforth, M Munt, I 1998, Tourism and sustainability: new tourism in this world, Routledge, New York. Page, S Lumsdon, L 2004, Tourism and transport: Issues and agenda for the new millennium, Boston: Elsevier Parsch, A 2011, Non-Standard DOD Aircraft Designations Mit chell’s Theory: Air Space Power Course, College of Aerospace Doctrine, New York. Stephen, T 2011, XCLUSIVE: U.S. Air Force combat fleets true operational costs revealed, The Dew Line, London. Thomson, J Martin, F 2010, Strategic management, (6 edn.), Cengage Learning EMEA, London. Wickham, PA 2001, Strategic entrepreneurship: A decision making approach to new venture creation and management, Pearson Education, London. Wisner, J, Tan, K Leong, G 2008, Principles of supply chain management: A balanced approach, Cengage Learning, New York.

Automotive Airbag History and Invention

Automotive Airbag History and Invention Like seatbelts, airbags are a type of  automobile safety restraint system designed to mitigate injury in the event of an accident. These gas-inflated cushions, built into the steering wheel, dashboard, door, roof, and/or seat of your car, use a crash sensor to trigger a rapid expansion of nitrogen gas contained inside a cushion that pops out on impact to put a protective barrier between passengers and hard surfaces. Types of Airbags The two main types of airbags are designed for front impact and side impact. Advanced frontal airbag systems automatically determine if and with what level of power the driver-side frontal airbag and the passenger-side frontal airbag will inflate. The appropriate level of power is based on the readings of sensor inputs that can typically detect occupant size, seat position, seat belt use of the occupant, and severity of the crash. Side-impact airbags (SABs) are inflatable devices designed to help protect the head and/or chest in the event of a serious crash involving impact with the side of a vehicle. There are three main types of SABs: chest (or torso) SABs, head SABs, and head/chest combination (or combo) SABs. The History of the Airbag At the dawn of the airbag industry, Allen Breed held the  patent (U.S. #5,071,161) to the only crash-sensing technology available at the time. Breed had invented a sensor and safety system in 1968. It was the worlds first electromechanical automotive airbag system. However, rudimentary patents for airbag predecessors date back to the 1950s. Patent applications were submitted by German Walter Linderer and American John Hetrick as early as 1951. Linderers airbag (German patent #896312) was based on a compressed air system, either released by bumper contact or by the driver. Hetrick received a patent in 1953 (U.S. #2,649,311) for what he called a safety cushion assembly for automotive vehicles, also based on compressed air. Later research during the 1960s proved that compressed air was not capable of inflating the airbags quickly enough to be effective. In 1964, Japanese automobile engineer Yasuzaburou Kobori  was developing an airbag safety net system that employed an explosive device to trigger airbag inflation, for which he was awarded patents in 14 countries. Sadly, Kobori  died in 1975 before seeing his ideas put into practical or widespread use. Airbags Are Introduced Commercially In 1971, the Ford Motor Company built an experimental airbag fleet. General Motors installed airbags in a fleet of 1973 Chevrolet Impalas- for government use only. The 1973 Oldsmobile Toronado was the first car with a passenger airbag sold to the public. General Motors later offered an option of driver-side airbags in full-sized Oldsmobiles and Buicks in 1975 and 1976, respectively. Cadillacs became available with driver and passenger airbags options during those years as well. General Motors, which had marketed its airbags as the Air Cushion Restraint System, discontinued the ACRS option for the 1977  model year, citing a lack of consumer interest. Ford and GM subsequently spent years  lobbying  against airbag requirements, arguing that the devices were simply not viable. Eventually, however, the automobile giants realized that the airbag was here to stay. Ford began offering them again as an option on their 1984 Tempo. While Chrysler made a driver-side airbag standard for its 1988–1989 models, it wasn’t until the early 1990s that airbags found their way into the majority of American cars. In 1994, TRW began production of the first gas-inflated airbag. Airbags have been mandatory in all new cars since 1998.

Heart Disease and Stroke Screening Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Heart Disease and Stroke Screening - Essay Example (Sudano et al., 2010) An example of Screening is where you measure the CRP (C-reactive protein) levels In one’s blood. As a role of the human resistance system, the CRP levels become elevated due to infection. This test is crucial as it helps to determine the risk of one getting stroke or heart diseases. An institute (Lankenau Hospital) in Philadelphia conducts heart illness and stroke with carotid artery ultrasound, ankle brachial index (ABI), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening, peak systolic velocity (PSV), heart rhythm electrocardiogram (EKG), mass body index and pressure check in blood at a cost of $50 (Mainlinehealth.org, 2015) The screening tests as per now are very effective and efficient, and I could recommend that everyone does screening test regularly as it very healthy, From study assessment of screening affirms by demonstrating that that individuals with higher cardiovascular illness danger components that did the tests  changed their lifestyle i.e, reduced their cholesterol intake and start to excise. Particular dropout (specific whittling down) inclinations are also affirmed , whereby individuals with more way of life danger components (smoking, higher liquor utilization, overweight) tend to return for subsequent arrangements and follow-up of their conditions. In the long run, regular screening checks help save lives (Sudano et al., 2010) In my opinion there is no need for changes in the screening process as they have and are still providing valid results.Changes may only be nessecessarly in the nearer future when the existing screening test are declared void.The screening programs should be made free since the have a vast range of positive impacts Sudano, I., Flammer, A. J., Periat, D., Enseleit, F., Hermann, M., Wolfrum, M., Ruschitzka, F. (2010). Acetaminophen Increases Blood Pressure in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation.

The Law on Occupiers Liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

The Law on Occupiers Liability - Essay Example When the girl poured the contents in the glass, it contained the decomposed remains of a snail. The girl was ill in consequence and sued the manufacturer for damage in tort. It was held the defendant was liable as he owed her duty of care to ensure that the bottle should contain objectionable matter as it did. (Jertz, 2004) We find that the occupiers' liability act provides a limited duty of care on occupiers to ensure that measures for protection of properties or other people from the risks that exist, in this law we find that there are provisions that follow this act, these provisions are: it abolishes the old distinction between licensees and invitees this category of persons include anyone to whom the occupier has expressly or implicitly allowed to enter or use his premises in this case the trespasser is not included. The act provides that an occupier of premises owes to all visitors that duty to take care in all circumstances therefore, it is necessary for the occupier to ensure that the visitor will be safe in using the premises for the purpose for which he has been permitted to be there. We also find that under the act, the occupier however has a right to restrict his liability by giving adequate warning such as about slippery floors. Here the occupier is not liable where the accident has occurred through the defective work of an independent contractor was competent and so far as he was able he had inspected the work done. (Jertz, 2004) The law on occupiers' liability to an injured trespasser is usually classified under the law of tort according to the present law. Whereby tort is defined as a civil wrong free of contracts, meaning it is an act that causes harm to a determined person whether intentionally or not. The remedies for these acts are always unliquidated damages which indicate that the court has power to fix the damages. Tort normally vary from contracts whereby we find that in contracts the duties are usually fixed by the parties under agreement themselves while in tort the duties are imposed by the law. Also we find that the law of tort is an infringement of the civil rights belonging to an individual in this case we find that the wrong doer has to compensate the injured party, according to the recent law the action is brought by the aggrieved party so that he can obtain compensation. This law constitutes of three major elements that is there must be a wrongful act or omission by the defendant this means that there must a person who is being sued for his wrongful acts. Secondly there must be a legal damage and lastly the wrongful act must be of such nature as to give rise to a legal remedy in the form of an action for the damages. There also exist some civil wrongs that are actionable even though no damage is suffered by the plaintiff. An example of such a civil wrong is the trespass on land. In recent law we find that there are many types of torts such trespass and defamation but in the real sense it represents a civil wrong whose only remedy is a common law. In the case of the law on the occupier's liability to injured trespassers we find that it