Geology Report Essay Example for Free

Geology Report Essay In article 64, Beach Placers Containing Radioactive Minerals, Bay of Bengal, East Pakistan the geologists have thoroughly researched the rocks and minerals of beach placers that extend 100 miles southeastward along the Bay of Bengal near East Pakistan. During the 1961 study the geologists discovered that the placers contain heavy radioactive minerals including monazite, ilmenite, and zircon. In the sands along the beaches, the geologists, found 10 to 30 percent of heavy minerals that exceed 2. 8 specific gravity. Of the ten randomly dispersed placers studied along the oast, geologist found they all contained small concentrations of these heavy radioactive minerals. The minerals studied in the placers were in layers between 1 and 2. 5 feet thick and located near the beach surface along with others buried in sand dunes. They believe the placers were formed with or by a combination of waves, wind, and the natural down flow of creeks/rivers. Due to the difference of each separately located placer, geologists noticed grain sizes and the sorting of the minerals differ from placer to placer. They discovered the lenses with the majority of eavy minerals is finer grained, better sorted, and better rounded and contains magnetite. In the pacer at the northernmost tip, they found it differs from the others. It had black sand as opposed to white and it laid on top of a mud platform. Also, according to the survey, geologists found this placer to be less radioactive than the rest of placers researched. All of the placers are oblong in shape and are very large. Each placer is tens of hundreds of feet wide and can stretch out to be several miles long. The geologists surveyed the placers using an airborne radiometric survey. After ll of the research the geologists and scientists found that all of the placers contain radioactive minerals as well as non-radioactive minerals. Reasoning and Application I specifically chose this article because I find radioactive minerals, and anything geological related to the ocean, interesting. I grew up surfing in a small beach town near Santa Barbara so any type of geology related to the oceans and beaches interest me. Also, one of the more interesting topics learned in my geology class were the different types of minerals and how their individual physical structure can be altered due to earths natural forces. After studying geology this semester I was able to fully understand how these placers were formed along with why these heavy minerals formed in layers and were denser than the sand and other rocks. It helped me understand why and how geologists surveyed these radioactive minerals. Also, I completely understood how these minerals were sorted and the different physical structure of these well and poorly sorted minerals. I can honestly say that before taking this class I would have no idea what this article was about. Now I was fully able to grasp all of the information provided in the article. USGS Geology Report By gomer5

The Pigeonhole Principle Forms

The Pigeonhole Principle Forms PIGEONHOLE PRINCIPLE. Student redefine this as common sense behind this basic idea of this mathematical principle; if there are n objects to be positioned in m receptacles (with m < n), at least two of the items must go into the same box. Whereas the idea is commonsensical, in the hands of a capable mathematician it can be made to do extraordinary things. There is one of the most famous applications of Pigeonhole Principle which theres at least two people in New York City with the same number of hairs on their head. The principle itself is attributed to Dirichlet in 1834, although he in fact used the term Schubfachprinzip. The same maxim is often named in honour of Dirichlet who used it in solving Pells equation. The pigeon seems to be a fresh addition, as Jeff Millers web site on the first use of some math words gives, Pigeon-hole principle occurs in English in Paul Erdà ¶s and R. Rado, A partition calculus in set theory, Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 62 (Sept. 1956). In a recent debate on a history group Julio Cabillon added that there are a variety of names in different countries for the idea. His list incorporated, Le principe des tiroirs de Dirichlet, French for the principle of the drawers of Dirichlet Principio da casa dos pombos in Portuguese for the house of pigeons principle Das gavetas de Dirichlet for the drawers of Dirichlet. Dirichlets principle The Box principle Zasada szufladkowa Dirichleta which mean the principle of the drawers of Dirichlet in Polish Schubfach Prinzip which mean drawer principle in German INTRODUCTION Lets make this thing easier by visualize some common daily awkward moment which related to Pigeonhole Principle. Sometimes, I wake up and get ready for classes early in the morning. But then, the room still dark and my room-mate still in sleep. Let see, I have socks of three different colours in my drawer and to be found in messy order. So, how can I pick a matching pair of same coloured socks in most convenient way without disturbing my partners (which mean turning on the light)? A simple math will overcome this problem. I just have to get only 4 socks from the drawer! Of course its the Pigeonhole Principle applied in the real life. So, what is Pigeonhole Principle then? Let put an example to demonstrate this principle. For instance, there are 3 pigeonholes around. There are 4 pigeon and each of them holds one mail. The pigeons are delivering the mails and have to place all of its mails into available pigeonholes. With only 3 pigeonholes around, there clear to be 1 pigeonhole with at least 2 mails! Thus, the general rule states when there are k pigeonholes and there are k+1 mail, then they will be 1 pigeonhole with at least 2 mails. A more complex version of the principle will be the following: If mn + 1 pigeons are positioned in n pigeonholes, then there will be at least one pigeonhole with m + 1 or more pigeons in it. However, this Pigeonhole Principle tells us nothing about how to locate the pigeonhole that contains two or more pigeons. It only asserts the existence of a pigeonhole containing two or more pigeons. The Pigeonhole Principle sounds trifling but its uses are deceiving astonishing! Thus, in our project, we intend to learn and discover more about the Pigeonhole Principle and illustrate its numerous interesting applications in our daily life. RESULTS OF RESEARCH AND REAL WORLD EXAMPLES CASE 1 : LOSSLESS DATA COMPRESSION Lossless data compression algorithms cannot guarantee compression for all input data sets. Frankly says, for any (lossless) data compression algorithm, there will be an input data set that didnt get reduced in size when processed by the algorithm. This is effortlessly proven with elementary arithmetic using a counting argument, as follows: Assume each particular file is represented as a string of bits (in count of arbitrary length) We inference that there is a compression algorithm that transforms everything of the file into a different file which the size is reduced than the original file, and that in any case one file will be compressed into something that is shorter than itself. Let M be the least number such that there is a file F with length M bits that compresses to something shorter. Let N be the length (in bits) of the compressed version of F. F = File with length M M = Least number that compressed into something shorter N = length (in bits) in compressed version of F Since N < M, each file of length N keeps its size throughout the compression. There are 2N such files. Together with F, this makes 2N + 1 files which all compress into one of the 2N files of length N. 2N < 2N + 1 But 2N is smaller than 2N + 1, consequently from the pigeonhole principle there must be some file of length N which is at the same time, the output of the compression function on two different inputs. That file cannot be decompressed dependably (which of the two originals suppose to be yield?), which contradicts the assumption that the algorithm was lossless. Hence, we can finalize that our original hypothesis (that the compression function makes no file longer) is necessarily fallacious. For any lossless compression algorithm that turns some files shorter, must automatically make some files longer, but it is not necessary that those files become very much longer. Most practical compression algorithms provide an escape facility that can turn off the normal coding for files that would become longer by being encoded. Then the only increase in size is a few bits to let know the decoder that the normal coding has been turned off for the whole input. In example, for every 65,535 bytes of input, DEFLATE compressed files never need expansion by more than 5 bytes. In reality, for any lossless compression that reduces the size of some file, the expected length of a compressed file (averaged over all possible files of length N) must necessarily be greater than N if we consider files of length N, if all files were equally apparent. So if we dont have any idea about the properties of the data we are considering for a compressing, we probably not compress the file at all. A lossless compression algorithm is only come in handy when we are prefer to compress a particular types of files than others; after that the algorithm could be intended to compress those types of data in a much better way. Whenever opting for an algorithm always means implicitly to select a subset of all files that will become usefully shorter. This is the theoretical reason why we suppose to consider different kind of compression algorithms for different kinds of files: there are almost impossible for an algorithm that perfect for all kinds of data. Algorithms are generally quite exclusively tuned to a particular type of file such like this example; lossless audio compression programs do not work well on text files, and vice versa. Above all, files of random data cannot be consistently compressed by any likely lossless data compression algorithm: undeniably, this result is used to define the concept of randomness in algorithmic complexity theory. CASE 2 : DARTBOARD Another kind of problem requiring the pigeonhole principle to solve is those which involve the dartboard. In such questions, the general shape and size of Dartboard which are known, a given number of darts are thrown onto it. Then we determine the distance between two convinced darts is. The hardest part is to define and identify its pigeons and pigeonholes. EXAMPLE 1 On a circular dartboard of radius 10 units, seven darts are thrown. Can we prove that there will always be two darts which are at most 10 units apart? To demonstrate that the final proclamation will always true, we first have to divide the circle into six equivalent sectors as shown; Therefore, we allowing each of the sectors to be a pigeonhole and each dart to be a pigeon, we have seven pigeons to be passed into six pigeonholes. By pigeonhole principle, there will be at least one sector containing a minimum number of two darts. The statement is proven to be true in any case since the greatest distance involving two points lying in a sector would be 10 units. In actual fact, it is also possible to prove the scenario with only six darts. In such a case, the circle this time is redefined into five divided sectors and all else follows. But then, put attention that this is not always true to any further extent if we use five darts or less. EXAMPLE 2 On a dartboard which is formed as a regular hexagon of side length 1 unit, nineteen darts are then thrown. How would we prove that there will be two darts within units each other? All over again, we have to identify our pigeonholes by dividing the hexagon into six equilateral triangles as illustrated below. While the 19 darts as pigeons and with the six triangles as the pigeonholes, we uncover that there must be in any case one triangle with a minimum of 4 darts in it. Now, considering another scenario, we will have to endeavour an equilateral triangle of side 1 unit within 4 points inside. If locate all the points as far apart from each other as possible, we will come to conclusion of conveying each of the first three points to be at the vertices of the triangle. The fourth or the last point will then be exactly at the centre of the triangle. Since we realize that the distance from the centre of the triangle to each vertex is of the altitude for this triangle, that is, units, we can find that it is unquestionable potential to find two darts which are units apart within the equilateral triangle. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, although the Pigeonhole Principle seems to be simple, but, this topic is very useful in helping someone to devise and smooth the progress of calculation and proving steps for various important mathematical problems. This principle is very useful in our life although it seem so simple. This Principle also can be applied in our daily life, whether we realizes it or not. It is fun when the problem can be solved in a way that we know, by using this principle. RECOMMENDATIONS We would like to provide you some recommendation on making the Pigeonhole Principle far more interesting like: Using variety of leaning materials and variety of examples to help student to get more understand the Pigeonhole Principle. Create a well imagination of what are the real things about the Pigeonhole Principle. Search more information from the internet about the Pigeonhole Principle. Make a lot of exercise that is related about the Principle. Make a group discussion and discussed about the topic.

The Battle Against Obesity Essay -- Overweight Weight Obese Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obesity is a disease that affects nearly one-third of the adult American population, or approximately 60 million Americans. The number of overweight and obese Americans has continued to increase since 1960, a trend that shows no sign of subsidence. Today, 64.5 percent, or about 127 million adult Americans are categorized as being overweight or obese. Each year, obesity causes at least 300,000 excess deaths in the U.S., and healthcare costs of American adults with obesity amount to approximately $100 billion. Obesity is characterized by increased body weight and is caused by the excessive accumulation of fat. By taking in more calories than are burned on a daily basis, the excess is then stored in your body as fat. Doctors and scientists generally agree that men with more than 25 percent of body fat and women with more than 30 percent of body fat are considered to be overweight. However, it is difficult to measure body fat precisely. The body mass index (BMI) has b ecome the most common method used in medical standard today. Among several factors such as diet and exercise, there are five main causes that contribute to the growing number of obese people in America: environmental factors, psychological factors, genetic or hereditary factors, underlying physical factors, and medication factors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our environment plays a huge part in many cases of obesity. Environmental factors include lifestyle behaviors such as what and how much a person eats and how active they ten...

Freedom :: essays research papers fc

Freedom? Kate Chopin's The Awakening is a story of Edna Pontellier, wife and mother. It is a novel about the choices one will makes to protect one's personal freedom. The story is based on a time in history when women did just what they were expected to do. They were expected to be good daughters, good wives, and good mothers. A woman was expected to move from the protection of her father's roof to the protection of her husband. Edna, our protagonist, doesn’t fit this mold. She searches to find her place in a constraining society, one that doesn’t allow for a woman to have freedom. Personal freedom is freedom from the confines of society, oneself, and finally freedom within one’s soul. As the book begins, Edna is a married woman who seems vaguely satisfied with her life, and cannot find true happiness. She is bound by the confines of a loveless marriage, unfulfilled, unhappy, and locked away like a caged bird. During her summer at Grand Isle she is confronted with herself in her truest nature, and she is swept away by passion and love for someone she cannot have, Robert Lebrun. She begins to realize that she can play roles other than wife and mother. We watch as she struggles to determine how to act on the things she is feeling, the eternal conflict she is dealing with. She wants to understand her need for personal freedom, a freedom that questions conventional demands of both men and women. We watch in the novel as Edna finds her freedom initially in the ocean. In the beginning she does not know how to swim, but she learns and through this learning feels what it is like to have freedom. In the water she is not captive and held down by the world around her. She sees she is capable of doing this on her own, that she is strong and powerful and independent. Edna’s self-discovery awakens her, and she is able to greet her own soul, a soul filled with passion, sexuality, and strength. The images of nature, which serve as a symbol for freedom of the soul, are brought about when Edna speaks of growing up on a Mississippi plantation where life was simple, blissful, and peaceful. Edna remembers life when she was young, engulfed in nature and freedom, â€Å"The hot wind beating in my face made me think-without any connection that I can trace-of a summer day in Kentucky, of a meadow that seemed as big as the ocean to the very little girl walking through the grass, which was higher than her waist.

How Mortal Life Heightens the Appreciation of Life in Eliot and Maddy :: Eliot Wasteland Maddy Essays

How Mortal Life Heightens the Appreciation of Life in Eliot and Maddy Mortal loss and the appreciation for life are very important concepts in writing. Both T.S. Eliot and Yulisa Amadu Maddy use this concept very heavily in their writing styles. T. S. Eliot’s major theme in The Waste Land surrounds death and World War One. The title The Waste Land, gives the reader a feeling of being lost in a world of waste and hopeless causes. The first part of the poem, The Waste Land, is titled, "The Burial of the Dead." This negative title gives the reader a sense of gloom and death. The title is very indicative of what is to come later on in the poem. The novel, No Past No Present No Future, by Yulisa Amadu Maddy is very dark and its title gives the audience a sense of hopelessness and no sense of direction. The reader feels that if he or she is not in the past, present, or future, then where is he or she in the circle of life? The beginnings of both pieces of literature give the reader a feeling of being lost and being depressed. Both works, The Waste Lan d and No Past No Present No Future, deal with death and mortal loss, and both authors, Eliot and Maddy use death to show the audience how important life is. In the first couple of lines in The Waste Land Eliot says, "April is the cruellest month, breeding/ Lilacs out of the dead land," (lines 1-2). Breeding Lilacs gives a sense of hope for life, but at the same time, attached to April and its dead land, we are returned to the aspect of death. T.S. Eliot later in the poem states he "will show you fear in a handful of dust," which is a sign of human mortality, and Eliot describes in his poem the appreciation for life because of the threat of mortal loss. Eliot talks about how "the dead tree gives no shelter"(l.23). Without life we have no shelter and no water or the necessities in nature. The examples of the dead and their inadequacy of shelter and water, gives the readers an understanding of what is needed to live. A living being must have shelter and water, and an example without it heightens the appreciation of life. Eliot goes on to talk about the brown fog of London and how all of the people are hanging their heads looking at their fe et.

Conflict and resolving issues sources of conflict and conflict resolution Essay

Hello everyone. My name is Isaac and welcome to my presentation. First of all I would like to give thanks to our honorable course instructor for organizing such a pretty session. Well, today the topic of my presentation is about conflict and resolving issues. So here I will discuss about conflict and resolving issues, sources of conflict and conflict resolution. Many people lead busy and challenging lives, so they encounter conflict on a daily basis and sometimes hourly basis at home or at work. As for the people who become engaged in conflict, they rarely have any or little understanding about the roots of conflicts or how to manage it when it happens. The entire other level that many people fail to understand is how regularly they encounter conflict and how difficult it can be to find a solution. As human we are regularly being placed in situations where conflict can occur and how we respond to it is grounded on different personalities. Conflict is an inevitable factor in our daily personal and professional lives. We are surrounded by conflict even if we may not recognize it. Usually we don’t like to experience conflict, although we enjoy watching others deal with it. For example, television shows highlight the fact that arguments, disputes, and disagreements are normal and a relevant part of life. Conflicts can result for various reasons, including miscommunication, differing values, relationship breakdowns and lack of information. In the workplace conflicts, divergent needs are usually at the heart of bitter disputes. A conflict can occur at any time when two or more people have a difference of opinion. Whether or not the conflict expands rely on the resolving skills of each person involved in the conflict and analyze the elements of conflict and resolving issues involved in the situation. While knowledge in resolving issues skills and negotiation tactics can result to successful conflict resolution, the outcome lies strictly in the hands and mental abilities of the conflict initiator. When you acknowledge the legitimacy of conflicting needs and become willing to analyze them in a surrounding of compassionate understanding, it open pathways to team building, creative problem solving and improved relationship. When you resolve conflict and disputes quickly and painlessly, mutual trust flourish. Basically, the capability to successfully manage and resolve conflicting issues rely on the four conflict resolution skills; swiftly relieve stress, recognizing and managing your emotions, improving your non verbal communication skills, and using humor and play to deal with problems. In conclusion,conflict is a normal and even healthy part of life. Furthermore, two people cannot be expected to agree on everything at all times. Resolving issues is an approach that we require all throughout our lives. Conflict is obviously unavoidable no matter what precautions are taken, but resolving issue is always possible if done correctly. Feelings of frustration may happen, but resolving conflict can make such a difference in our interpersonal relationships rather than just avoiding it. It may appear hard at times to resolve the conflict and reach a median, but in the end, regardless of the difficulty, it will be well worth it and will improve our performance. References Akgun, Serap, and Arzu Araz. â€Å"The Effects of Conflict Resolution Education on Conflict Resolution Skills, Social Competence, and Aggression in Turkish Elementary School Students.† Journal of Peace Education (2014): 30-45. Print. Nan, Susan Allen. â€Å"Consciousness in Culture-based Conflict and Conflict Resolution.† Conflict Resolution Quarterly (2012): 239-62. Print. Source document

Frankenstein †Golden Mean Archetype Essay

Throughout the last few chapters we have been reading, the perspective of our monster has shifted tremendously. At first, we viewed the creature as frightening and menacing. As the story continues, we base our view on the monster due to Victor’s aggressive behavior towards the creature, making us pity the poor monster as he has done nothing wrong; he is just lost in a new world, possibly experiencing culture shock. Now the creature is venturing out into the world, interacting with people other than Victor. â€Å"†¦for I never ventured abroad during daylight, fearful of meeting with the same treatment I had formerly endured in the first village which I entered† (106). After the monster encounters humans, people give the same reaction: fear. The monster comes baring no harm, but in fright, the citizens of the village run from him, scared of what might happen to them. This starts his increasing grudge against the humans. First, Victor rejects his appearance, oblivious to the being on the inside, now, complete strangers are neglecting him. His temper in steadily growing. â€Å"Was man, indeed, at once so powerful, so virtuous and magnificent, yet so vicious and base?† (107). After learning more history from his protectors, the creature is now questioning the characteristic change in man over the course of time. Back then, a creature of his nature might have been accepted, but now he is feared for his sole appearance. These events capture the imbalance in the golden mean because now the monster, once emotionally stable with his existence, is getting too angry and furious with the human race. The monster is now resembling Victor. Although he might not notice it, the monster is showing a strong connection between him and his creator through his actions. Both are seeking revenge and acting out through their anger. Now that the monster has built up the courage to confront the old blind man, by the name of De Lacy, he waits until Felix, Agatha, and Safie have left. He does not want to frighten them. Unfortunately, as he tries to speak with De Lacy, Felix and the others return. Upon Agatha fainting, and Safie running out of fear, â€Å"Felix darted forward, and with supernatural force tore me from this father, whose knees I cung; in a transport of fry, he dashed me to the ground and struck me violently with a stick† (123-124). The creature viewed the family and his own: his protectors. If they acted that way towards him, surely everyone else would too. Now, the monster’s revenge only increased. Soon enough, the creature is going to snap and lose control of his emotions. There is still some decency inside of the monster though. After witnessing an innocent girl downing, he saves her, despite his arising hate for humans. As a man comes and thinks that the monster is harming the girl, he shoots the creature, who had only tried to help. â€Å"The feelings of kindness and gentleness which I had entertained but a few moments before gave place to hellish rage and gnashing of teeth. Inflamed by pain, I vowed eternal hatred and vengeance to all mankind† (130). The spark inside of the monster triggers and rage flows through his body. Anger and revenge seep in and he now despises all human beings. The creature has terminated all tolerance for human beings, due to the everlasting hate he obtains from creatures so very similar to him. The golden mean has been violated extensively through the mistreatment of this poor creature. He has been nothing but joyous towards mankind, but in return he receives hate and pain, literally. The monster has no more patience or hope for the overturning emotions from humans. This eventually develops the motive for William’s murder, confessing to Victor the deviant act of not only the murder, but also of framing Justine.